《初中现在完成时讲解.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中现在完成时讲解.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、现在完成时态1.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果例：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, Ihave finishedmy homework now.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续例：Ihave livedhere since 1990.2.现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehas finishedthe work.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthe work?否定句Hehas not finishedthe work.两回答Yes ,hehas.
2、No, hehasnt.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾例: I havealreadyfound my pen. = I have found my penalready.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例：I have not finished the workyet.Have you bought a computeryet?ever曾经句中例：Have youeverseen pandas?never从不句中例：I haveneverbeen to Beijing.just刚刚句中例：I havejustdone m
3、y work.before以前句尾例：I have never been therebefore.so far到目前为止例：So farhe has learnt 200 words.how long多久例：How longhave you lived here?how many times多少次例：How many timeshas he been to Beijing?2两词组havegone to去了某地例：Hehas gone toBeijing(去了北京)havebeen to去过某地例：Hehas been toBeijing.(去过北京)3两结构for two monthsfor
4、 +一段时间Jim has lived herefor 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijingsince 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in Chinasince he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例：Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常
5、用于下列句型Theyhave plantedmany treesin the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book Ihave ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time Ihave playedthe computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用,改正的办法有五种：He ha
6、s bought the book.(去掉一段时间for 3 years)He bought the book 3 years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is -since-）He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种
7、情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reachbe here例：Ihave comehere for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave been herefor 3 years.leave/gobe away例：Hehas leftfor 3 hours.（错）改为：Hehas been awayfor 3 hours.begin/startbe on例：The filmhas begunfor 3 minutes.（错）改为：The filmhas been onfor 3 minutes.openbe
8、open / closebe closed例：The shophas openedfor 3 years.(错)改为：The shophas been openfor 3 years.diebe dead例：His fatherhas diedfor 3 years.(错)改为：His fatherhas been deadfor 3 years.finish/endbe over例：Hehas finishedthe work for 3 days.(错)改为：The workhas been overfor 3 daysjoin例：Ihave joinedthe army for 3 ye
9、ars.（错）改为：Ihave been in the armyfor 3 years.或Ihave been a soldierfor 3 years.buy /catchhave例：Ihave boughtthe bike for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave hadthe bike for 3 years.例：Hehas caughta cold for 3 days.（错）改为：Hehas hada cold for 3 days.borrowkeep例：Ihave borrowedthe book for 3 years.（错）改为：Ihave keptthe book f
10、or 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：breakbe brokenget upbe upmarrybe marriedbecomebelosebe lost7.延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out
11、 arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）1.过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句例：Joh
12、n said that hewould comethe next day if he was free.（构成：would+动词原形）John said that hewas going to planttrees.（构成：was/were going to+动词原形）2.过去完成时：由had+过去分词构成。用法有二：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去例：When we got to the station, the trainhad left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。By the end of last week, hehad learnt1000 words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态例：He said that hehad madea few friends since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。
