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1、语法复习非谓语动词（一）动名词的用法【基本概念】动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。例1：动名词做主语Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. Checking information is very important. Doing this can save a lot of time and
2、money. Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me.例2：动名词做宾语After a short while he started directing films himself.Disney stopped drawing and watched the mouse. 例3：动名词做介词的宾语Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. after在句中为介词，动名词opening 做介词的宾语，形容词性物
3、主代词its是动名词的逻辑主语。The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude.having been 是动名词being的完成式，做介词for 的宾语。【关键知识】1.下列动词只能用动名词做宾语，不能用不定式：suggest, finish, enjoy, pract
4、ise, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, escape, cant help 等。Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. 2.一些动词后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。remember, forget, regret,try,mean,stop后用动名词做宾语
5、表示已经发生过了的动作；用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。remember to do 表示记住要去做某事；remember doing表示记得曾经做过某事。regret doing表示后悔做了某事；regret to say (tell)表示遗憾地说（告诉）。- The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案为 C。句子的意思是“我刚才忘记了关灯”，“关灯”的动作没有发生
6、。- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.- Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done答案为D。having done是动名词doing的完成式，表示该动作先于谓语动作，句子的意思是“后悔在会议上提出反对意见”。try to do 表示“设法做”（克服困难、障碍努力做）；try doing表示“试着做”（对结果没有把握，尝试去做，看看是否可以）。The little time we have to
7、gether we try _ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending thatthe little time we have together是spend的宾语，前置以示强调。正确的答案为C。like (love) to do 表示具体的一次性动作；like (love) doing表示倾向性的动作。Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taken答案为
8、A。时间状语暗示了应该考虑“一次性动作”。本试题中little Tom和谓语动词take(带领)为动宾关系，必须注意被动概念的使用。动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。a)当主语是表示“人”的词语时，通常主语和need为主谓关系，need 的宾语用动词不定式的主动式。Right now you need to stay still until help comes. b)当主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语时，主语同need往往为动宾关系。这时，用need to be done或need doing 均可，但要注意need doing 是用动名词的主动式表示被动的概念。These sho
9、es need repairing.These shoes need to be repaired.You have come just in time to help us.”“Fine. What needs _?” A. I do B. done C. to be done D. to do答案为C。what是句子的主语，表示事物。stop to do 和stop doing 的语法结构不同，因此意思也就不同。stop doing中的doing 是动名词做宾语，表示stop动作的对象，意思为“停止做某事”。Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的状语，表示“停止正在做的事的目的
10、是要做某事”。Lets have a break. Not now. I dont want to stop _ yet. A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 答案为 D。mean doing 的意思是“意谓着”、“就是”。 I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.Missing the train means waiting for an hour.mean to do 的意思是“意欲做”或“打算做”。What do you mean to do?
11、【相关知识及其运用】1.动名词的逻辑主语 动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。动名词逻辑主语规范的表达形式是：无生命的内容用名词的一般形式。有生命的内容如果是名词，用该名词的所有格；如果是代词，则用形容词性物主代词。He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.译文：他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。his 是动名词being called的逻辑主语，但同call 构成被动关系。如果是主动关系应为call him Dr. Turner。再看下列两道试题：They i
12、nsisted on _ a thorough rest before going back to work.A. him to take B. he tookC. his taking D. his taken答案为C。_ made her mother very angry.A. Helens married Jack B. Helen has married JackC. Helen marrying Jack D. Helens marrying Jack答案为 D。2.动名词的完成式所有非谓语动词的完成式都表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作，动名词的完成式也不例外。Tony was very
13、 unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invited答案为 D。having been invited是动名词的完成被动式，表示否定的not必须放在动名词结构的最前面。3.动名词的被动式动名词的被动式同现在分词的被动式相同-being done。 动名词被动式的使用主要看动名词和句子主语的逻辑关系：主谓关系用主动式，动宾关系用被动式。While shopping, people sometimes
14、cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuadedcant help 后必须用动名词做宾语，persuade 同句子主语people具有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此答案C正确。4.动名词做介词宾语时应注意的问题动名词做介词的宾语一般情况同做动词的宾语没有区别。应注意的是，下列短语中的to不是动词不定式的符号，而是介词，因此如果需要使用动词的非谓语形式，必须使用动名词。look forward to 盼望、预期 be (get) used to 习惯于object to 反对 devoteto 献身于、专心于get down to 认真着手进行、认真处理They hav
