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1、语法填空题技巧 纵观语篇型语法填空题的命题特点与命题规律，我们不难分析：深挖掘相关的语篇型语法填空题，对精准把握命题思路与走向是有一定积极意义的。尤其注意考试说明中对语篇型语法填空设计形式的关键性诠释“在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白”，此“语言材料”无疑包涵对话体语言材料和短文体语言材料。下面仅就这两种语言材料形式的设题模式做一个诠释，以期抛砖引玉：【例1】对话体（2014年新课标全国卷考试说明样题）Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why
2、?Mum: Im not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre 3 (go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I
3、 finished 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt him.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?Mum: Are they there
4、? Oh, my goodness. I 9 have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?【答案与解析】这是一篇对话。妈妈健忘，她接电话回来时，认为面包被人拿走了，故穿上大衣要去买面包。结果阿兰发现她把面包放进了冰箱里。妈妈在知道面包在冰箱时，竟然又忘了自己为什么要穿上大衣。1. happened考查动词时态。根据语境分析，该句句意：我不确定出什么事了。happen是指过去的动作，故用过去时态。 2. whe
5、n考查连词。根据语境分析，该句句意为：我早就做好了些三明治，把它们放在桌子上，此时就去接电话了。when在此处为并列连词，意为“这时；此时”。while当时，从句谓语动词多为延续性，且在句中不能修饰句子谓语动词madeand left，故不用while引导时间状语从句。 3. gone考查分词形容词。由上文的But someone must have taken them 即可分析，后面解释的原因该是：因为面包不见了。而动词go的过去分词形式gone恰好可认为是形容词，含有“离去的；不见的；过去的”之意。故填入gone。4. earlier 考查形容词。由上文的Oh, it must have
6、 been Dad.分析，Im sure he was in the kitchen是在“之前”。故该填入形容词early的比较级earlier，表示“之前，早些时候”，符合语境。 5. making考查非谓语动词。由句式结构和遣词造句分析，finish后需接动名词作宾语。故填入动词make的动名词形式。6. Anyway/Besides考查副词。句意：无论如何，他也不可能除了带上网球用品外，再带上一盘子三明治，因此我敢肯定不是他。根据语境可知anyway符合句意，而副词besides含有“此外”之意，也符合语境，但两个单词在书写时必须首字母大写。 7. it考查代词。由上文的Oh, it must have been Dad.的语境也可分析，此处该用人称代词it，即强调“心中所指”的人。8. the考查冠词。此处为特定的表达，即特指家里的冰箱，故用定冠词the。 9. must考查情态动词。由上文的语境left them on the table也可分析，此处该是表示对过去的肯定推测，故用must have done，即表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”。此句句意：电话响的时候，我一定是把它们放在那里了。故填入情态动词must。10. mind/memory根据语境可知，妈妈什么都不记得了，故认为自己失去了“记忆”。
