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1、Human-Structure Dynamic Interaction in CivilEngineering Dynamics: A Literature ReviewABSTRACTThis paper reviews more than 130 pieces of essential literature pertinent to the problem of human- structure dynamic interaction applicable to the design of civil engineering structures. This interaction typ
2、ically occurs in slender structures occupied and dynamically excited by humans by walking, running, jumping and similar activities. The paper firstly reviews the literature dealing with the effects of structural movement on human-induced dynamic forces. This is the first of two aspects of human- str
3、ucture dynamic interaction. The literature dealing with this aspect is found to be quite limited, but conclusive in stating that structural movement can affect the human-induced dynamic forces significantly in some cases. The second aspect considered is how human occupants influence the dynamic prop
4、erties (mass, stiffness and damping) of the structures they occupy. The body of literature dealing with this issue is found to be considerably larger. The published literature demonstrates beyond any doubt that humans present on structures should not be modeled just as additional mass, which is a co
5、mmon approach in contemporary civil engineering design. Instead, humans present on structures act as dynamic spring-mass-damper systems interacting with the structure they occupy. The level of this interaction is difficult to predict and depends on many factors, including the natural frequency of th
6、e empty structure, the posture and type of human activity, and in the case of assembly structures, relative size of the crowd compared with the size of the structure. One of the reasons for the existence of more papers in this area is the published biodynamical research into the mass-spring- damper
7、properties of human bodies applicable to the mechanical and aerospace engineering disciplines. It should be stressed that results from this research are of limited value to civil engineering applications. This is because human bodies are, in principle, non-linear with amplitude- dependent dynamic pr
8、operties. Levels of vibration when experimentally determining mass- spring-damper properties of human bodies in biodynamical research are usually considerably higher than those experienced in civil engineering applications.KEYWORDSliterature review, human-structure interaction, dynamic occupant mode
9、ls, civil engineering1.INTRODUCTIONIn civil engineering dynamics, human-induced vibrations are an increasingly important serviceability and safety issue. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of problems related to human-induced vibrations of floors, footbridges, assembly structures a
10、nd stairs. Human- structure interaction is an important but relatively new consideration when designing slender structures occupied and dynamically excited by humans (Ellis and Ji, 1997).Human-structure interaction is a complex, inter-disciplinary and little researched issue. To summaries the existi
11、ng knowledge, this paper reviews two key areas of human-structure interaction:(1)how structural vibrations can influence forces induced by human occupants(2)how human occupants influence the dynamic properties of civil engineering structuresFocusing more on the latter issue and limiting it to passiv
12、e sitting or standing people, biomechanics research and models of the human whole-body are then reviewed (section 4). Furthermore, investigations analyzing and modeling human occupants on civil engineering structures are presented (section 5). Next, research into the potential of human occupants to
13、absorb vibration energy is reviewed and, finally, conclusions are presented2. EFFECTS OF HUMAN-STRUCTUREINTER ACTION ON HUMAN-INDUCED FORCESHuman occupants can induce dynamic forces on civil engineering structures by various activities such as walking, jumping, dancing, or hand clapping. Research in
14、to quantifying such human-induced forces has been ongoing for many decades (Tilden, 1913; ASA, 1932; Galbraith and Barton, 1970; Nilsson, 1976; Matsumoto et al., 1978; Wyatt, 1985).Since about 1980, experimentally established human-induced force time histories have usually been approximated by Fouri
15、er series. Thereby, the common key assumption is that the human- induced forces are perfectly periodic. The factors corresponding to each sinusoidal component of this Fourier series are named dynamic load factors (DLFs) and are reported in a number of publications (Pernica, 1990; Bachmann et al., 19
16、95; Kerr, 1998). However, assuming human-induced forces as perfectly periodic is questionable because they are in essence narrow-band (Eriksson, 1994). An alternative approach is to define human-induced forces as auto-spectral density (ASD) functions (McConnell, 1995) in the frequency domain (Ohlsson, 1982; Tuan and Saul, 1985; Mouring and Ellingwood, 1994; Eriksson, 1994).Dynamic forces induced by crowds are an issue of great concern (Kasperski, 2023), as can be
