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1、(完整word版)中医基础理论(中英文对照)中医基础理论（中英文对照)http：/ One: RADITIONAL- CHINESE MEDICINE WITH A LONG HISTORY 第一部分: 历史悠久的中国传统医学Traditional Chinese medicine （ TCM） has a history of several years。 Its origin can be traced back to remote antiquity。In a long course of struggling against diseases, TCM evolved into a u
2、nique and integrated theoretical systcm of TCM。 It is an important part of Chinese culture. More than 2,000 years ago, came out Huangdis Classic on Medicine( Huang Di Nei jing )， which is the earliest medical classic extant in China。 It consists of two parts-Basic Questions （ Su Wen ） and Miraculous
3、 Pivot（ Ling Shu ), each comprising) nine volumes, each of which, in turn, contains nine chapters， totaling up to 162 chapters。The book gives a complete and systematic exposition to the following various subjects : the relationship between man and nature, the physiology and pathology of the human bo
4、dy, and the diagnosis， treatment and prevention ot diseases。 It also uses the theories of yinyang and the five elements to deal fully with the principles of treatment by differentiation of syndromes (TDS) according to the climatic and seasonal conditions， geographical localities and individual const
5、itution. Hence( giving expression) to the holistic concept of taking the human body as an organic whole and taking the human body with the surrounding environment as the integrity. It laid a preliminary foundation for the theoretical formation of TCM. After Huangdis Classic on Medicine another class
6、ic of medicine, Classic on Medical Problems （ Nan Jing ）， was given birth to the world before the Eastern Han Dynasty. The book deals mainly with the basic theory of TCM， such as physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and so on. It supplemented what Huangdis Classic on Medicine l
7、acked. From then on, many medical schools and various classics on medicine were brought into being in succession, each having its own strong points.中医有着几千年的历史, 起源可追溯至远古时代.在长期与疾病的斗争中，中医演化并形成了一套独特且完整的理论体系。2000多年前出现的黄帝内经是中国现存的最早医著.它由素问和灵枢两部分组成.每部分包含9卷，每卷又有9章，总计162章。该书对人和自然的关系、人体的生理及病理、疾病的预防和诊治等方面进行了系统全
8、面的说明。同时它运用阴阳和五行理论全面阐述了因时、因地、因人而异辩证论治的原则并且表达了整体观念的思想即把人体看作一个整体，把人与其周围的环境看作一个整体。这为中医理论的形成奠定了初步的基础。继黄帝内经之后，东汉时期之前出现了难经。该书涉及了中医的基础理论如生理、病理和疾病的诊治等。它补充了黄帝内经的不足。自此许多不同的学派及经典著作相继出现，各抒己见.Shen Nongs Herbal （ Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing ), also known as Classic on the Herbal (Ben Cao Jing ） or The Herbal ( Ben Cao
9、)， is the earliest book on materia medica in China， which appeared in about the Qin-Han Period with its authorship unknown。 Not only does it list 365 medicinal item -among which 252 are herbs, 67 are animals， and 46 are minerals， but also divides them into three grades according to their different p
10、roperties and effects。 The book also gives a brief account of pharmacological theoriesprincipal (jun ）， adjuvant （chen ）， assistant （ zuo ) and guide (shi ); harmony in seven emotions （ qi qing he he ), four properties of medicinal herbs ( si qi ） and five tastes of medicinal herbs （ wu wei ）.神农本草（亦
11、称“本草经”或“本草”）是中国最早的药物学专著。它出现于秦汉时期，作者不祥.它不仅罗列了365种药物（其中草药252种,动物类药67种，矿物类药46种)而且依药物性质及功效的不同将其分为三个等级。同时,该书简述了方剂的基本原则（君、臣、佐、使）和七情与药物的四气五味相和的原则。In the Han Dynasty (3rd century AD )， Zhang Zhongjing, an outstanding physician， wrote Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases （ Shang Han Za Bing Lun ),
12、which is divided into two books by later generations, one is entitled ” Treatise onFebrile Diseases， ( Shang Han Lun ) , the other Synopsis of Prescriptions of Golden Cabinet （Jin Kui Yao Lue ） . The book established the pnriciple of TDS（Treatment of Differentiation Syndromes;Technical Data System 技
13、术数据系统）， thereby laying a foundation for the development of clinical medicine.汉朝（公元前3世纪)的张仲景是一位著名的医家，著有伤寒杂病论.该书被后人分为两部分，名为伤寒论和金匱要略。该书建立了辩证论治的原则及技术数据系统，因此,为临床医学的发展奠定了基础.In the Western Jin Dynasty. Huang Fumi， a famous physician， compiled A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion （Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing
14、 ） The book consists of 12 volumes with 128 chapters， including 349 acupoints. It is the earliest extant work dealing exclusively with acupuncture and moxibustion and one of the most influential works in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion。西金时期的著名医家皇浦谧编辑的针灸甲乙经由12卷128章组成，包括349个穴位。它是现存最早的针灸学专著，
15、也是针灸史上最具影响力的著作之一。The Sui and Tang Dynasties came into their own in feudal economy and culture. In 610 AD， Chao Yuanfan et al。 compiled General Treatise on the Etiology and Symptomology. The book gave an extensive and minute description of the etiology and symptoms of various diseases。 It is the earl
16、iest extant classic on etiology and symptoms in China。 In 657 AD， Su Jing together with 20 other scholars, compiled Newly-Revised Materia Medica ( Xin Xiu Ben Cao ) ， which is the first pharmacopoeia sponsored officially in ancient China， and the earliest pharmacopoeia in the world as well. Sun Simiao （581682 AD) devoted all his life to writing out the
