《花花整理的杜昶旭阅读课讲义【无老师力荐】.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《花花整理的杜昶旭阅读课讲义【无老师力荐】.doc（64页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Reading ComprehensionIBT TOFEL阅读课讲义主讲：杜昶旭花花（Fleur）根据老杜录音整理51 怎样的考试和怎样的我们. 托福考试的本质探求对”Test of English as a Foreign Language”的再认知n 托福到底有多难？u 习惯的说法：高考六级考研托福SATGREGMATLSATu 用合理的方式进行难度的评价n 从“OF”到“IN”u Test OF English：“对”英语的测试l TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language)l IELTS (International English La
2、nguage Testing System)l TOEIC (Test Of English for International Communication)l CET-4 (College English Test-Band 4)l CET-6 (College English Test-Band 6)l PETS (Public English Test System)u Test IN English：“用”英语的测试l GRE (Graduate Record Examination)l GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test)l SAT (S
3、cholastic Assessment Test)l LSAT (Law School Admission Test)l NCEE (National College Entrance Examination)l NGEE (National Graduate Entrance Examination)n 托福作为语言考试的本质u 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力；u 测试考生在实际的学习、生活过程中的语言应用能力所有测试内容均与实际结合；u 考生的英语水平与分数具有直接相关性零基础测试假设；u 包含且仅包含语言使用过程中的所有因素词汇、句子、语篇、语境、交
4、流方式。 托福考试的本质探求从形式特征到内容特征The TOFEL IBT Reading section includes 3 to 5 reading passages, each approximately 700 words long. There are 12 to 14 questions per passage. You have from 60 to 100 minutes to answer all questions in the section. (Official Guide .p.19)Most questions are worth 1 points but the
5、 last question in each set is worth more than 1 points. The directions indicate how many points you may receive. (Reading section directions in actual test)n 托福阅读的形式特征u ETS所阐述的形式l 文章数量：或篇这样安排是为了为了匹配时间，的考生希望遇到l 考试时间：每篇文章分钟l 文章长度：字左右l 题目数量篇l 每题原始分数：最后一题分，其他题目分l 分值范围：标准分分（分数对应规则参照新托福官方指南页）我们的实际情况：我们的听说
6、读写都一样差，我们认为自己阅读能力强幻觉。或者都一样，而且，其中只有或者个段子是算分的。（篇中有两篇并不算分，但是我们都不知道是哪两篇）l 时段划分：个（分分）或个（分分分）；The Reading section is divided into separately timed parts. (Reading section directions in the actual test )A clock in the top of the screen will show how much time to available to answer these questions.(Reading
7、 section direction in the first model test)Within each part, you can go to the next question by clicking Next. You may skip question and go back to them later. If you want to return to previous questions, click on Back. You can click on Review at any time and the review screen will show you which qu
8、estions you have answered and which you have not answered. From this review screen, you may go directly to any question you have already seen in the Reading section. (Reading section directions in the actual test)Some passages include a word or phrase that is underlined in blue. Click on the word or
9、 phrase to see a definition or an explanation. (Reading section directions in the actual test)You have seen all of the questions in this part of the Reading section. You have time left to Review. As long as there is time remaining, you can check your work.Click on Return to continue working.Click on
10、 Review to see the review screen for this section.Click on Continue to go on.Once you leave this part of the Reading Section, you WILL NOT be able to return to it. . (Reading section directions in the actual test)l 计时方式：由系统自动进行倒计时；l 常用按钮：Next, Back, Review, Return, Continuel 单词划线解释：对考生友好还是浪费时间？笔记区不要
11、提前，尽量晚开考；考试休息期间别到处走动，可以听听其他人考口语，提前准备自己的口语话题。准备周期：个月为比较理想；单词生词率：；以后会介绍如何推断单词词义以及如何背单词。考试注意点（口语）：声音宏亮，语速稳定，逻辑清晰和TOFEL是全集和子集的关系，一个是all, 一个是none，老俞的红宝书剔除了TOFEL单词。背单词完全可以背一样的。一本红宝书就可以了。重要的是词表，分类。高中毕业生的语文水平就已经达到了handle的能力了。托福分数计算方法：分数（小于的人数等于的人数的一半）/总分数TOFEL分数分就是我们的目标。无障碍GRE分，数学分，作文分。成绩是分开看的u 从PBT到IBT的阅读习
12、惯变化l 垂直阅读和水平阅读的差异n 视线与思维同步的问题l 纸张和屏幕的差异n 对比度差异所带来的视觉疲劳感n 是否可以做标记带来的记忆效果差异n 托福阅读的内容特征This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English. (Reading section directions in the actual test)u 托福考试的话题特征Campus life Academic issue 阅读只考学术文章。科普文章和TOFEL的专业词汇比例一般都在左右，GRE在左右Questions are
13、 intended to measure your understanding of the passages in terms of the following: Vocabulary and grammar Major ideas and important information Relative importance of ideas Relationship of ideas to each other Organization of ideas and concepts. (Reading section directions in the actual test)u 词汇l 习惯
14、性认知的误区：提高词汇量就等于提高了阅读能力。l 托福的词汇考查方式查看缺陷解决方案语言能力的基础词汇认知一词多义词汇推断u 语法l 习惯性认知的误区，语法不好，英语同样能学好；l 语法的重要性，语法之于语言正如法律之如社会；l 托福阅读如何进行语法考查？n 输出能力（口语和写作）中的语法考查检查是否主动犯错。n 输入能力（阅读和听力）中的语法考查通过语法设置障碍解释成绩：在ETS保留的时间是年，在学校申请日期截止日之前考完即可。科普阅读建议：大百科全书（大英和微软百科，还有w i ki 百科）Discovery，国家地理，等u 主题l 习惯性认知的错误，主题能用一两句话（尤其是各段首句）简单概括。l 托福阅读文章的新特点：标题。l 托福文章的主题类型特征Single-focus 一个主题，多个方面Multi-focus 多个主题，多个方面u 托福文章主题的考察方式to make a summary the topic of a paragraphu 重要信息l 细节信息n 习惯性认知的错误：细节是具体的描述性内容，是零散无关的n 细节作为重要信息所包含的内容general statement 首要 some related details(1) 主题:辨析文章的主要观点,并与局部小观点区分;辨析段落主题.(注:所有文章都有标题
