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1、高中英语语法大全第一部分 词法第1章 主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,
2、例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. wer
3、e答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There a
4、re twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语
5、有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4. 谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。
6、例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如: Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary prep
7、arations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体
8、。例如: His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如: Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如: A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A
9、 number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如: Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体
10、育运动。2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如: Many a person has read the nov
11、el.许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。三.巩固练习( ) 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were( ) 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in
12、daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play( ) 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are( ) 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are s
13、eemed( ) 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having( ) 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be( )7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been( )8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were( )9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried( ) 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have( )11. There _ a dictionary and