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1、第一章 基础工程学的各类问题Chapter1 Aspects of foundation engineering1.Foundations of buildings and structures建筑物和结构物的基础pile桩raft筏footing基脚2.Effects of underground installations on foundations地下工程设施对基础的影响tunnel隧道ground water地下水water main主供水管sewer line下水道线路3.Soil deposit dipzit土沉积物clay粘土sand砂土rock岩石ground water地下
2、水4.Interactions between buildings建筑物之间的相互影响settlement沉降clay粘土shale eil页岩tunnel隧道sewer line下水道线路metro地铁5.Requirements of a foundation对地基基础的基本要求economy经济safety安全settlement沉降seasonal changes季节性变化construction problem施工问题environment环境bearing capacity承载力sliding滑动overturning倾覆total and differential settlem
3、ents总沉降与差异沉降drying干旱frost冰冻heave隆起stability of excavation基坑的稳定性bottom heave坑底隆起ground water problems地下水问题vibrations振动noise噪音permanent lowering of the ground water level地下水位长期下降6.Development of geotechnical analysis岩土工程分析的进展empiricalempirikl 经验的theoretical,iretikl, ,i:-理论的semi-empirical半经验的computers计
4、算机landslides滑坡bearing capacity承载力consolidation theory固结理论slope stability边坡稳定field observations现场观测finite fainait element method（FEM）有限元法7.Soil investigation methods地基勘察方法seismic地震boring钻孔penetration test贯入试验test pit试坑pressure meter test旁压仪试验plate load test平板载荷试验cone penetration test（CPT）圆锥贯入试验standa
5、rd penetration test（SPT）标准贯入试验weight sounding test（WST）重量触探试验geophone地震检波器8.Bearing capacity of footing基脚的承载力heave隆起flow line流线equipotential ,i:kwiputenl line等势线settlement沉降failure surface破坏面flow net流网9.Pressure bulb below footing基脚下的压力泡settlement沉降stress increase应力增量compressibility压缩性10.Settlements
6、 caused by lowering of ground water level地下水位下降引起的沉降sand砂土clay粘土leaking sewer line渗漏的下水道线路piezometer,paizmit, pi:-孔隙水压仪ground water地下水11.Differential settlement below structure结构物的差异沉降differential settlement差异沉降cracks裂缝12.Mat foundation筏板基础elastic springs弹性弹簧13.Lateral earth pressure侧向土压力active eart
7、h pressure主动土压力14.Design of retaining walls挡土墙设计retaining wall挡土墙15.Anchored sheet pile walls锚碇板桩墙sheet pile板桩anchor k锚vertical component竖向分量16.Braced excavations支撑开挖strut支撑lateral earth pressure侧向土压力sheet pile板桩bottom heave底部隆起17.Reinforced earth加筋土concrete element混凝土构件steel strip钢条aluminum lju:minm strip铝条18.Pile foundations桩基础concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile钢桩timber timb pile木桩19.Ultimate bearing capacity of piles桩的极限承载力point resistance桩端阻力skin resistance桩侧阻力ultimate resistance极限阻力20.Pile groups群桩bridge abutment桥墩fill填土soft clay软粘土negative skin friction负摩阻力
