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1、江苏省2011-2014年高考英语真题汇编日常生活类阅读(2012江苏)CMedical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发
2、) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using
3、 light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug relea
4、se can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at th
5、e University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leadi
6、ng to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked
7、 in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absor
8、b NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to ce
9、lls.63.According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change.B. NIR light.C. Acidity change.D. UV light.64.Why in ONB unsatisfactory?A.It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B.It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C.It has not come onto the m
10、arket up till now.D.It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. Protected B. formedC. exposedD. combined【考点】日常生活类说明文【文章大意】。本文围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让我们生病吃药更加安全、而且疗效好”这个主题展开研究，来展开话题的。63.【答案】B【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, researchers in Cali
11、fornia have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选B项。 【难度】一般64.【答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知，应选D项。【难度】较难65.【答案】C【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Wh
12、en the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。【难度】一般【长难句解析】1. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light.本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials
13、的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。2. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句
14、(2012江苏)DFranz Kafka wrote that a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.Wed just finished John Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class,
15、 my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. Are you crying? one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. I am, I told her, and the funny thing is Ive read it many times. But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize
16、it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, Ive taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novels terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate
