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4、饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1.Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked
5、deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as,
6、 while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was
7、 cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.When , while, as都可解释为“当的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1) When 从句中谓语动词可以延续动词也可是瞬间动词。Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.
8、When i was walking on the street ,i met an old friend.be about to do / be doing / had done.when when “突然，这时”Eg I was about to go to work when it rained . 我刚刚完成作业，我的最好的朋友来拜访我。(汉译英）_注意：When/while 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg: When_( walk) along the street, she met her class teacher.2) As 除了
9、表示“当的时候”，还可表示为“一面一面”，“随着”Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面一面) As time went by , his hair grew grey .3)While表示“当的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While having a discussion, they got very confused.注意：while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。eg: I prefer black tee,
10、while he likes coffee.Excercise She sang _ she went along. _ it grew darker, it became colder. _ he arrived home, it was just nine oclock._ he was in London,he studied music. I was walking in the forest _ a lion appeared in front of me.1 until, notuntil表示“直到才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：I wai
11、ted until midnight.否定句：I did not leave until midnight.注意：1）not until在句首，主句用_结构。eg: Not until you had explained the problem _ understand it. A had I B I had C did I D I did 2) It is not until_引导的_结构It was not until it was dark _ he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一就”eg: The worker
12、recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.注意：the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。4Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, as soon as表示为“一就”eg: It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意：Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan位于句首，主句用倒装eg: No sooner had I got h
13、ome than my telephone rang. Hardly/scarcely _ home when it began to rain. A did I get B had I got C got I D I did get 2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because,
14、since, as, since特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hu
