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1、英语中几大从句的用法总结2010-03-16 22:08:46|分类: 语法学习 |标签: |字号大中小订阅 主语从句 主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有: *Itisafactapityaquestiongoodnewsthat. *Itseemsappearshappenedhasturnedoutthat. *Itisclearimportantlikelypossiblethat. *Itissaidreportedestimatedhasbeenprovedthat. *Itissaidthatcomicbook
2、screateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration. *Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful. what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。 *Whatwelackisexperience. what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。 *Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain. *IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.宾语从句 宾语从句可
3、位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation. *AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeople wouldsayaboutfriendship. *Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnot goodforchildren. *Thisarticlei
4、swell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong. 宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 *Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind. 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 *Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why
5、, whether, how等引导外,还可由because, asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because. *Perhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisno onecommontypeoflifeinAmerica. *Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies. *Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommu
6、nicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句 移至宾补之后。 *Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether/who/when/where/what/why/how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact/idea/belief/news/hope/conclusion/evidence/suggestion/order/Problem/report,/de
7、cision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 *Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow. *IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.*Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthe championship.5.定语从句【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导】 限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导
8、定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that等who/whom/whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等】 *ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations. *Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingetting closetootherpeop
9、le. *Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithher grandmother. 1)当先行词是all/anything/everything/something/nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first/last/any/few/much/some/no/only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。 *ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim. *HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthis afternoon. 2)在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关
10、系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。 *Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup. *Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when/where/why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 *Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,t
11、hestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings. *Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略】 *Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull, whichisratherlike magnetism. “介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句【“介词 +whichwhomwh
12、ose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非 限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固 定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配】 *Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings *Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar. as引导的定语从句【as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间】 *Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolve
13、d.(as代替先行词problems) *Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcanControl whathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有: 1)when/whenever/while/as/after/before/since/till/until/once等。 *Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere. 2)assoonas/hardly(scarcely).when/nosooner.than/each(e
14、very)time/themoment/immediately(that)等。 *AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage, Ireceivedpositiveresponses. *Themomentheheardthegoodnews, hejumpedwithjoy.地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever. *Wherevershewent, shetookherlittledaughterwithher. 原因、结果和目的状语从句 1)引导原因状语从句的连词有:because/as/since/now(that)/seeingthat/consideringthat/inthat等。 *Consideringthatheisafreshman, wemustsayheisdoingwell