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1、1 曳引式电梯Traction lift 电梯是一种机电结合紧密地用电力拖动的特殊升降设备，是一种现代生活中必不可少的， 广泛应用的垂直交通运输工具，在现代城市文明中，电梯不但已成为高层建筑不可缺少的 垂直运输设备，也将成为低层建筑中的代步工具。在垂直交通运输工具中曳引式电梯是使用最普遍的一种电梯。因此，本文以介绍曳引式电 梯为主。Being a special system moving upwards and downwards by combining mechanics and electrics, lift has played an indispensable role in ou
2、r modern life by serving as widely-used vehicle that runs vertically; it is not only an important vertical vehicle for high-rise buildings, but for low-rising buildings.As a vertical vehicle, traction lift is the most commonly used lift; therefore, the following description will be based on traction
3、 lift.1-1 电梯的基本结构Lift basic structure1-1-1 曳引系统Traction system 曳引系统主要由曳引机、曳引钢丝绳、导向轮及反绳轮等组成。Traction system is composed of traction machine, traction rope, diverter pulley and counterweight sheave .1-1-1-1 曳引机有驱动电动机、制动器、减速箱、机座、曳引轮等组成。它是电梯的动力 源。驱动电动机为电梯专用交流电机或直流电机。As the power provider, traction machi
4、ne is composed of drive motor, brake, geared machine, machine base and traction sheave.Drive motor is AC or DC motor for lift.制动器通常采用双瓦块常闭式电磁制动器。电梯停止或电源断电情况下制动抱闸，以保证 电梯不致移动。Usually adopted is double lined normally closed magnetic brake.Brake is activated toprevent lift from moving in case of lift st
5、op or power failure. 减速机大多选用蜗轮蜗杆减速机， 也有行星齿轮、 斜齿轮减速机。 无齿轮电梯不需减速机。 曳引轮即为曳引机上的绳轮，两端借助曳引钢丝绳分别悬挂轿厢和对重。Usually adopted is worm geared machine, besides, star gear and slanting geared machine are also available.Gearless lift needs no geared machine.Traction sheave is a sheave on traction machine, on both si
6、des of which can suspend car and counterweight by means of traction rope.1-1-1-2 曳引钢丝绳的两端分别连接轿厢和对重 （或两端固定在机房上） ，依靠钢丝绳与曳 引轮绳槽之间的静摩擦力来实现电梯轿厢的升降。Both sides of the traction rope are connected with car and counterweight （or both sides are attached to the machine room）.Car is moved upwards or downwards by
7、 means ofstatic friction between traction rope and rope groove.1-1-1-3 导向轮又称抗绳轮，因电梯轿厢尺寸一般都比较大，轿厢悬挂中心和对重悬挂中 心间的距离往往大于设计上所允许的曳引轮直径，因此对一般电梯而言需要设置导向轮， 以保证两股向下的曳引钢丝绳之间的距离等于或接近轿厢悬挂中心和对重悬挂中心之间的 距离，以分开轿厢和对重的间距。Deflector sheave is also called beam Pulley. Since car is comparatively large in dimensions; the d
8、istance between car suspension center and counterweight suspension center is generally longer than the diameter of traction sheave, deflector sheave is usually used for lifts to ensure the distance between two ropes downwards to be equal or almost equal to the distance between car suspension center
9、and counterweight suspension center, distancing car and counterweight.对复绕的无齿轮电梯而言，改变复绕轮的位置同样可以达到上述目的。采用复绕轮还可以 增加曳引能力。For gearless lift with compound wounding, changing the position of winding pulley can also achieve the above purpose, besides the application of compound winding pulley can also incre
10、ase traction capacity.1-1-1-4 反绳轮 当钢丝绳的绕绳比大于 1 时，在轿厢顶和对重架上应增设反绳轮。 反绳轮 的个数与曳引比有关，可以是 1个、2 个甚至是 3 个。Diversion sheave : with suspension ratio 1, diversion sheave should be installed on the top of car and counterweight frame.Related to suspension ratio, number of diversionsheave can be 1, 2 or even 3.1-
11、1-2 导向系统Diverter system 导向系统由导轨、导靴（图 1-3 ）和导轨架（图 1-4 ）等组成。它的作用是限制轿厢和对重 的活动自由度，使轿厢和对重只能沿着导轨做升降运动。Composed of guide rails, guide shoes and rail frame , diverter system is used to limit the flexibility of car and counterweight, making car and counterweight move along the guide rail upwards and downward
12、s. 导轨固定在导轨架上，导轨架是支撑导轨的组件，与井道壁联接。Guide rails are fixed on the rail frame that is used to support rails and connected with well wall.导靴装在轿厢和对重架上，与导轨配合，强制轿厢和对重的运动服从于导轨的走向。Installed on car and counterweight frame, guide shoes are working together with guide rails, forcing car and counterweight to move i
13、n compliance with the direction of guide rails.1-1-3 门系统Door system 门系统由轿厢门、层门、门机、联动机构、门锁等组成。Door system is composed of car door, level door, door operator, interconnection and door lock .轿厢门设在轿厢入口，有门扇、门导轨架、门靴和门刀等组成。Located in the entrance to car, car door is composed of door fan, door guide rail fr
14、ame, door shoe and door vane .层门设在层站入口，有门扇、门导轨架、门靴、门锁装置及应急开锁装置组成。Located in the entrance to landing, landing door is composed of door fan, door guide rail frame, door shoe, door lock and emergency unlocking device. 门机设在轿厢上，是轿门和层门开启和关闭的动力源。Installed on the car, door operator is power provider for ope
15、ning and closing car door and landing door.1-1-4 轿厢Car 轿厢是用以运送乘客或货物的电梯组件。它是由轿厢架和轿厢体组成。Composed of car frame and car body, car is used to convey passengers or cargo. 轿厢架是轿厢体的承重架构，由上横梁、立柱、底梁和斜拉杆等组成。As a support for car body, car frame is composed oftop transom, side transom , bottomtransom and brace r
16、od .轿厢体由轿厢底、轿厢壁、轿厢顶及照明、通风装置、轿厢装饰件和操纵盘等组成。轿厢 的大小由额定载重量和额定载客量决定。Car boy is composed of car bottom, car wall, car top, ventilation , decoration profile and control panel. Car dimensions are determined by rated load and passenger flow.1-1-5 重量平衡系统Weight balance system该系统由对重和重量补偿装置组成。Such system is composed of counterweight and weight compensation device. 对重由对重架和对重块组成。对重将平衡轿厢自重和部分的额定载重。Cou
