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1、同位语从句与定语从句的异同几区分方法一.同位语从句与定语从句的相似点1同位语从句与定语从句都可以译成定语同位语从句:The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。定语从句:The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2同位语从句与定语从句都可以用that引导同位语从句:The suggestion that students should learn something practical is wor
2、th considering.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。定语从句:The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。3.同位语从句与定语从句和其它名词性从句一样也要用陈述语序同位语从句:Have you any idea where have they gone? (语序错误)Have you any idea where they have gone? 你知道他们去哪里了吗?定语从句:Do you re
3、member the day when did you join our club?(语序错误)Do you remember the day when you joined our club?你记得自己什么时候参加我们俱乐部的吗二.同位语从句的独特用法虽然同位语从句与定语从句有以上相似之处,但是有些用法是同位语从句独有的,不能用于定语从句。这些用法包括:1.同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导,但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如:The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important
4、.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。2.某些名词后的同位语从句,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request等。例如:The advice that he (should) be invited to the party was taken.应该邀请他到晚会的建议被采纳了。三.同位语从句与定语从句的区分方法1.从从句与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句从语义角度看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系,而定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关
5、系,表示“的”,起修饰限定作用。例如:同位语从句:The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。(that之后是news的具体内容)定语从句:The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(that之后是对news的解释)2.从引导词的作用区分同位语从句与定语从句从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词
6、,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分主要是作主语或宾语。例如:同位语从句:The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that只起连接作用)定语从句:The fact that (which) we talked about is very important我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。(that在从句中作about的宾语)3.从先行词的词性区分同位语从句与定语从句从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是
7、代词。例如:同位语从句:There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词)定语从句:Those who were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词)4.从that可否省略区分同位语从句与定语从句从that可否省略来看,同位语从句的that一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。例如:同位语从句:We heard the news t
8、hat our volleyball team had won the match.我们听说了我们排球队获胜的消息。(that不可省略)定语从句:This is the very book (that) Im looking for.这正是我要找的那本书。(that作for的宾语,可以省略)5.从引导词与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;
9、而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如:同位语从句:He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)定语从句:The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)综上所述,尽管同位语从句与定语从句有诸多相似之处,但只要同学们掌握正确的方法,勤加练习,搞清同位语从句与定语从句之间的区别并不是一件多么困难的事。