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1、1. The cowboys work was hard and unromantic. From dawn to dark they performed their duties, rounding up the cattle, branding them for identification, and repairing equipment. A small group of cowboys had full responsibility for a herd of thousands. They had to cope with harsh weather and to protect
2、the herd against cattle thieves, Indian fighter, and angry farmers, who feared the ruin of their crops.2. He will sleep on the cold ground where the wintry （寒冷的）winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his masters side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer, he will
3、lick the wounds and sores （疮）that come in encounters with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper（穷人） master as if he were a prince.3. Hyponosis can control peoples vision. For example, if you were hypnotized(催眠) and I told you a snake was slithering(滑行, 蛇形)across the floor, yo
4、u would not only believe me, you would actually perceive the snake as real. If I told you that there was no desk in the room, you could look right at it but not see it.4. Mr. Cook, a renowned American historian, arranges the books on the bookshelves in a unique way. In the upper right hand corner, t
5、here are books about the development of the early colonies in New England and the War of Independence. Right under them can be found books on the slave trade, the plantation system and the growth of the southern states. The left side of the shelf contains hundredsof books concerning subjects of the
6、Westward Movement, Indian culture, the cowboys contributions to American society and the Gold Rush in California. From the description above, one can see that Mr. Cook regards his bookshelves as a _of the U.S. and arranges his history books accordingly. It is odd, but it is convenient. - student5. E
7、very educated person has at least two ways of speaking his mother tongue. The first is that which he employs in his family, among his familiar friends, and on ordinary occasions. The second is that which he uses in discoursing（讲述） on more complicated subjects, and in addressing（向.说话） person with who
8、m he is less intimately acquainted. It is, in short, the language which he employs when he is on his dignity, as he puts on evening dress when he is going to dine. - J.B. Greenough6. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellersunread, untouched. (This de
9、luded欺骗 individual owns woodpulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many booksa few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect fo
10、r their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or manyevery one of them dog-eared （卷角的）and dilapidated（破旧的）, shaken and loosened by continued use, marked and scribbled（草草记下） in from front to back. (This man owns books.) - Mortimer J. Adler7. Once you encounter a person who has stopped breat
11、hing, you should begin immediately to do mouth-to-mouth breathing. First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter from his mouth with your fingers. Then tilt his head backwards, so that his chin is pointing up. Next, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward, pinch his nostrils shut
12、 to prevent the air which you blow into mouth from escaping through his nose. Then place your mouth tightly over the victims. Blow into his mouth until you see his chest rise. Then turn your head to the side and listen for the outrush of air which indicates an air exchange. Repeat the process. - A h
13、andbook8. A “liberated woman” is simply a woman who controls her own life, rather than allowing it to be controlled by other people, traditions, or expectations. A “liberated woman” can be found pursuing any line of work, including house work, or no work at all. She may or may not be married; she ma
14、y or may not have borne children. She may belong to any race; she may have attained any age. She may be poor or wealthy, educated or illiterate. She need have only one trait in common with her “liberated sisters”: she makes her own choices, whether they be the colors on her walls or the advanced deg
15、rees she seeks. She acts of her own volition(自行决断), responsible to herself, and not out of fear of what her mother, lover, or neighbor might say. -Klarner W. Harp9. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. The best way to overcome itso at least it seems to meis to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a riversmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past
