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1、A Contrastive Study of Sino-Western ThinkingPatterns from the Morphological, Syntactic and Semantic Differences between Chinese and English Languages.IntroductionLanguages are symbolic systems of both pronunciation and meaning in peoples communications, while thinking patterns refer to some function
2、s of brains that reflect humans understanding of objective world indirectly. However, they have intimate relationship with each other and are considered to be an inseparable unit. Just as Edward Sapir, the famous American linguist said, Language, when considered to be a structure, is a formation of
3、thinking pattern interior.Thinking patterns are usually concerned to be peoples thinking customs. Different societies take shape to distinctive cultures which give people different understanding and comprehension of objective world. Then, thinking patterns that are formed diversely can be shown in d
4、ifferent language forms. Karl Puliblam has pointed out in Contradiction of Thinking Patterns that the reasons of mutual communicative failure among different nationalities lie in both linguistic diversity of pronunciation, syntax, structure as well as divergences of Sino-Western thinking patterns.Al
5、ong with the historical development of society, both the Chinese and Western people have formed their distinctive thinking patterns and languages. These differences might be difficult to be realized several centuries ago, but under the influence of globalization, they have no choice but to get in to
6、uch with each other. Therefore, knowing differences of Sino-Western thinking patterns and the two languages, learners can not only understand their own features and improve the ability of using them, but also help facilitate the communication between Chinese and Westerners.While peoples thinking is
7、invisible and inexpressible, the language itself is able to explain ones thought. Thus language is always considered to be representation of thinking mode. According to modern linguistic theory, linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. And this thesis is going to analyze
8、 the differences between thinking patterns from linguistic aspect. Sino-Western Thinking Patterns from Morphological DifferencesMorphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. Chinese character is a typical kind of writing system that belon
9、gs to pictographs, but English word is composed of a series of morphemes that have their respective meanings. Therefore, Chinese people can tell the meaning of a character by its entire shape. And westerners usually understand a word from meanings of its morphemes.2.1 Morphological Differences betwe
10、en Chinese and English Words2.1.1 Pictographs in ChinesePictographs that always drawn by simple lines make people connect the pattern with real object, and understand the thing represented by the word. The formation of Chinese character depends on image. Therefore, the meaning of a character can be
11、imagined by its pattern. Chinese characters originated from pictographs, and developed directly from original pictures. As a result of the similarity between the pattern and the object, one of the most important features of Chinese characters is directness. E.g. the character “山” (mountain) in Chine
12、se is extremely similar with the appearance of a real mountain. Along with the evolution of Chinese characters, the directness has turned to be something inside, but it does exist. A big amount of characters which have been used nowadays belong to pictographs that have a history of more than three t
13、housand years. Even in modern patterns, they still have some extremely large and powerful strength.Besides, Chinese characters are often one syllable words and each character represents one object. Basically, pictograph is often an imitation of natural object. Such as “日” (sun), “月” (moon), “川” (str
14、eam), “火”(fire), “田”(field) are all direct reflections of nature. Pictographs can always express their own meanings excellently, so people can tell the differences of words easily. For example, the Chinese character “人”(man) represents the image of a person who is standing; and the four dots in “雨”(
15、rain) indicate raindrops. In a word, Chinese characters belong to meaning-oriented system, the character pattern and its meaning have a clear connection. The more one analyzes the character pattern, the more he will understand the meaning.2.1.2 Ideograms in EnglishEnglish belongs to one of the weste
16、rn alphabet languages, Indo-European language system which combines both the letter and pronunciation to record things. There are totally 26 alphabets in English, each of them have their own specific pronunciation in different situations. All the western alphabet languages came from Phoenician language, which developed and altered for a long time before it turned to be Italian, French, Spanish, English and other language versions.The relationship be
