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1、一、全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首 , 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.
2、注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until. 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere
3、 will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1) Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in
4、 the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until 等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2 ） Not unti
5、l the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案 D. 看到 Not until. 的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C ， D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为， Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了 , 否则意思就变了。 (1)以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only.
6、but also, Hardly/Scarcely.when, No sooner. than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game b
7、egan B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句 ( 谓语前置 ) 。这类表示否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not only.but (also), no sooner.than, hardly. when scarcely. when 等等。 注意：只有当 Not only. but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的
8、 Not only. but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. (2)so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 表示 也 、 也不 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I. 典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C.
9、 I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案： B. nor 为增补意思 也不关心 ，因此句子应倒装。 A 错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D 缺乏连词。 注意： 当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 的确如此 。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its raining hard. -So it is. (3)only 在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn Eng
10、lish well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed (4)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词 , 副词 , 分词 , 实义动词提前）。 注意 :1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词 , 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语 , 随实义动词一起放在主语
11、之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意 : 让步状语从句中，有 though ， although 时，后面的主句不能有 but ，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。 (5)其他部分倒装 1)so. that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. 3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动
12、词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题： 1 ） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案为 D. 否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2 ） Not until I began to work _ h
13、ow much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize 3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 解析：答案为 B. 句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示 也不 。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其
14、中 , so 用于肯定句 , 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 (6)虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have
15、met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意 : 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were ，不用 was ， 即在从句中 be 用 were 代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were, should, had 这三个词，通常将 if 省略，主语提前 , 变成 were, should, had + 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语
