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1、 如何通过语块习得提高CET-4写作 很多学生可能对语块这一概念并不熟悉。所谓语块，简言之，就是语言中成串的语言结构，在语言中大量存在。对于语块包括的范围，不同的专家学者持有不同的观点。本文非学术论文，所以对于语块的分类不作严格的限制，只是将其简单地定义为英语中一种特殊的多词词汇现象，通常是固定或半固定、模式化了的块状结构。语块习得对于提高学生的写作水平有很重要的意义。 课本片段语块分析笔者从全新版大学英语综合教程1中选取了文章的一个段落供学生赏析，从而对语块有一个形象的认识。 第一册 Unit 3 Text A Public Attitudes toward Science If we ac
2、cept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions
3、 and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesnt understa
4、nd it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large
5、audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction. 该段中的语块有：preventfrom，at least，make changes，so that，make decisions，informed decisions，leave sb/sth. in the hands of，at the moment，be in two minds about，the steady increase，the standard of living，have an interest in，as is
6、 shown，the large audience。 可以看出，语块包含的范围很广，可以是固定短语、习惯性搭配（动词与介词、动词与名词、形容词与名词、名词与介词等）、句式框架等。这些语块作为整体储存在学生的记忆中，在使用时不需要经过语法的生成和分析，而是直接从记忆中提取。 课本练习语块小结 在学生所使用的各类教材中，都会以不同的形式有一些Structure方面的练习，这些实际都是语块实例。以下是对全新版大学英语综合教程第一册到第四册课后 练习中Structure部分的语块总结，然后举例说明如何在四级作文中选用这些语块。Book 1 Structure 1. Sb. was said/ repo
7、rted/ believed to do/ have done sth. 2. as I wanted, as you suggested, as I told you to, as you have described to me 3. might as well do sth. 4. taste/ look/ sound/ feel as if 5. 倍数+ as many/ much as 6. as is shown/ predicted/ proved/ assumed 7. 祈使句+ and + 句子 如：Tell me whom you love, and I will tell
8、 you who you are. Bring the flowers into a warm room, and theyll soon open. 8. only to + do sth. 如：They spent a lot of time negotiating for a pay increase, only to find that they were fired. 9. Why do sth? / Why not do sth.? 10. 动词加不定式或动名词做宾语，如：postpone doing, recall doing, tend to do, undertake to
9、do, threaten to do11. with + 名词+ 宾语补足语 如：with Christmas only a week away, with our GDPgrowing rapidly, with all the shops closed 12. while-clause Book 2 Structure 1. so much so that 如：She herself believed in freedom, so much so that she would rather die than live without it. 2. assuming (that) 如： As
10、suming (that) the contrast I have developed is valid, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education? 3. only 引导状语置于句首，句子要倒装。如： Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. Only by
11、rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employees. 4. the way + 从句 如： The reason for our success is our people and the way theyre treated and the way they feel about their company. 5. whatever clause 如：Whatever it is, dont keep us in suspense. 6. of + 抽象名词，其意义相当于该抽象名词所对应的形容词。 如： They ar
12、e of no use to me. 7. find + 宾语+ 宾语补足语 如： I find myself shyer, more cautious, more anxious. I find myself sucked in by soap operas. I find myself attacking everyone in sight. 8. It is that 如： It was either the eruption of the people in the stands or the thump of his landing that brought Michael back
13、 to earth. 9. what clause 如： What he didnt know was that his dad was hugging his wife and crying. We know what you said. 10. if only clause 11. be too + adj + for 如： We working women are too sophisticated for that. 12. be supposed to do 如： 13. now that clause 如： Now that hes got his own car he can g
14、o wherever he wants to go. Book 3 Structure 1. when it comes to 如： Women are not smarter than men when it comes to emotional intelligence, nor are men smarter than women. 2. not all/ everyone/ everything 如： Not everyone agrees on whats right and what is wrong. 3. come to do sth. 如： Often it is in ov
15、ercoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life. 4. It occurs/ doesnt occur to sb. to do sth./ that 如： For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? It simply didnt occur to me that the proper thing to do was to quit. 5. chances are that 如： If you work for a medium-to-large-size company, chances are that you dont just wander in and out of work. 6. nominative absolute construction 如： I dont know how I did it, he bein
