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1、初 中 英 语 语 法 -被 动 语 态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg. We make a car (主动句). -A car is made by us (被动句)。(主语变成by的宾语)一、 构成是：be及物动词的过去分词。The work is finished by him 2) Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般过去时：was
2、/ were + 过去分词eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词eg. The work has been done by them.5.含情态动词的被动语态：can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词(have to也符合 )eg. He must finish the work-
3、The work must be finished by him.He has to speak English .- English has to be spoken by him.三 被动语态的特殊用法1、短语动词（如： look after, laugh at, listen to, speak to ,take care of, give up, put off, ）等作谓语，变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。eg. We look after the baby carefully. -The baby is looked after carefully.W
4、e should speak to the old politely . -The old should be spoken to politely2、感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和不带 to 的不定式（ let, make, have 等）变被动语态时，要加上 to 。Eg I saw the boy play in the street. -The boy was seen to play in the street.She made me stand for 45 minutes.。-I was made to stand for 45
5、minutes.I hear him singing -He is heard singing .(接ing的 还保持ing)3、带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，如果物作主语，通常要在人前加 to ，但当动词为 make, mend, buy, get, sing, cook, fetch,等时，要在人前加 for Eg They pass me a letter. - I was passed a letter.或 A letter is passed to me.He bought me a book -I was bought a bookA book was bought for me 4
6、、当宾语后的补足语是形容词，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。Eg We must keep the room clean -The room must be kept clean 四 特别提醒1)只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态如 arrive, die, , happen, take place, fall ,rise, belong to )和感官动词sound ,feel, look等也没被动The accident happened in 1968. He fell into the river.The paper fee
7、ls soft。2) 在一些固定短语中常用被动语态It is said / reported / supposed / believed that （据说 / 据报道 / 据推测 / 有人相信）。例如：It is said that he is a doctor. 据说他是个医生。=People say that he is a doctor3）主动形式表被动意义的几种情况。，（如 read, act, write, sell等）eg The story-book sells well. 这本故事书很畅销。This bike rides well.这个自行车好骑The machine runs
8、 well. 机器运转良好。 被动语态训练题一单项选择( )1.The light in the room _ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn offC. are turned off D. must be turned off( )2 The young trees _ planted in spring.A. must B. have C. must be D. must are( )3.The old people _ well in our country.A. is looked after B. are looked
9、afterC. looks after D. look for( )4. Alice is ill. She _ to hospital at once.A. is sent B. must be sentC. can send D. must send( )5. The factory _ in 1958.A. was built B. is builtC. will be built D. built( )6.Our teacher told us that the classroom _ every day.A. should be cleaned B. should cleanedC.
10、 shall be cleaned D. must cleaned( )7.The students was made _ the questions by the teacher.A. answer B. to answerC. answering D. answered( )8.The sun _ when we got there.A. was risen B. has been risenC. had risen D. is rising( )9. _ English _ in Canada?A. Do, spoken B. Is , spokenC. Are, spoken D. D
11、oes, speak( )10. He _ not to leave waster paper everywhere.A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told( )11.Who _ “The Family”, “Spring” and “Autumn” _?A. was, written B. were, writtenC. were, written by D. are. Written by( )12Half of the work _ before six.A. can be done B. will do C. were done( )13He
12、was made _for twelve hours.A. to work B. work C. worked( )14.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes. Our classroom _ every day. A. clean B .cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning( )15.Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No, I_. A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C .havent invited D .didnt invite ( ) 16Mu
13、m, can I go to the zoo with Jack? When your homework_ _,you can. A. is done B.was done C.does D.did ( )17.An accident_on this road last week. A.has been happened B .was happened C. is happened D.happened. 二、改写句子1.They built a new school in the village last year.（改为被动语态）A new school _ _ in the villag
14、e last year.2.In the old days people used teapots（茶壶） to make tea. （改为被动语态）In the old days teapots _ _ to make tea.3.This makes me feel thirsty.（改为被动语态）I _ _ _ feel thirsty by this.4.Did you buy this bike from the shop ? （改为被动语态）_ _ _ _ from the shop （by you）?5.Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers. （改为主动语态）Only this year, The soldiers _ _ millions of trees.三 改成被动语态1Farmers grow rice in the south of China. _2. He gave me a new
