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1、倒装1主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之 ，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。1全部倒装： 1）。There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除外还可用 live, happen, exist, remain, stand等等作这类句型的谓语： There are many students in the classroom. Long , long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.There happene
2、d to be no body in the bedroom when the fire broke out.There lies a large Greenland in front of the house .2）。Here/there/nowvi（常为come ,go）主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/thereused for drawing attention to something/somebody（用来唤起注意）喂，注意了Here comes Mary. I can see Mary coming.There goes the bell. 铃响了。I can hear the
3、 bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽车来了。There he comes.他来了。这时句中不能用正在进行时here句中也可用系动词Here is John. You say that when you see John arrive。Here are some story books I want. Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。“Give me some paper
4、.” “Here you are.”“给我点纸。” “给你。”3).then引起谓语为 come, follow的句子Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。4).out, in, up ,down, away 之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go, run ,rush, etc。句式为：副词vi主语（必须是名词）Away went the boy.Away they w
5、ent.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes. In came the rose fragrance through the windows.5).介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi主语（必须是名词）In the middle of our school stands a high building.From the distance came occasional barks.6).表语放在句首，表语常为形容词，分词，副词，介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短
6、的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）Very important in the farms life is the radio weather report.Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.Seriously damaged in the earthquake was the white building in the city.Pla
7、ying the guitar on the playground are the students from class five and class three.On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.South of city are two big lakes.7) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）:“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。“Help! Help!” cried the little
8、 girl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：“Take your seats, gentlemen,” Wilson shouted。 威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。” “That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。” 2部分倒装1）。only副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句Only then did I realize the importance of English.Only in this way can you make
9、 progress in your English.Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily back to work.注意 在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.2）。否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒，：表示否定意义的副词never, nor，neither, 表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few, seldom, little, 含有no和not的词组by no means（决不）, in no time
10、（很快）, at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than hardly when scarcely when即“否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他”。Never have I been in this city.Little/Seldom do I watch TV.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.注意关联词的搭配 前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。3）以so开头,用 “so助动词/情态动词/系动词主
11、语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作 “也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”。 译作 “也不是，也没有”。The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later. Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了人也变了。I dont think I can walk any further. Neither can I. Lets stop for a rest.注意 当so表示对前句内
12、容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作 “的确，正是”应用自然语序：Tom works hard.So he does and so do you.倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。If you dont go, neither/nor shall I.（If you dont go, I shall not go.）注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with something /somebody或 So
13、it is with something/somebody. I like English very much, but I dont like physics. It is the same with my brother.She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. It was the same with Engles4）.引导让步状语从句表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他.Clev
14、er as he is, he doesnt study well.Child as he is , he knows a lot. Much as I like it, I wont buy it .Try as she might , she failed.Try as he would, he might fail again. Hard as he tried, he didnt succeed. 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5）soadj /adv放在句首:So afraid was he in the darkness that he didnt dare to mo
15、ve an itch.So loudly did he speak that every could hear him.6). 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒转装If it hadnt been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time.Hadnt it been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time.If there should be a flood, what would we do? Should there be a flood, what would we do?7). 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装：Many a time has he come to comfort me.Often did he warn themnot to do so.8). 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：May you succeed .祝你成功！Long l
