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1、Natural Selection and the Survival of the FittestOn the Themes of Sister Carrie摘要嘉莉妹妹是美国著名作家西奥多德莱赛的成名作，对这部小说主题的研究向来是众说纷纭。学者们已经探讨了嘉莉妹妹的命运，道德观，新女性主义，资本主义的丑恶等等。本文从物竞天择适者生存的角度对小说的主题进行全新的研究，去更深刻的理解社会达尔文主义和德莱赛，去广泛的探讨嘉莉妹妹以及本书其他人物的不同命运与适者生存的关系，去理解竞争对个人生活及价值观的深远影响。关键词：物竞天择；适者生存；德莱赛；嘉莉妹妹 AbstractCarrie Sister
2、 is the first famous work of Theodore Dreiser who is an America all-known writer. The themes of this novel are studied by different scholars who conclude special views or opinions. The scholars have already discussed Sister Carries destiny, her ethical values, the new feminism and the capital evil a
3、nd so on. This paper studies the themes on the theory of Natural Selection and the Survival of the Fittest in order to learn Social Darwinism better. At the same time, it shows that a should discuss the relationships in Natural Selection and Carrie Sister and other persons fates, which is easy to un
4、derstand the significant influence of the competition in personal life and the conception of values.key words：Natural Selection; the Survival of the Fittest ; Dreiser; Carrie Sister Chapter 1 Introduction Carrie Sister, a book written by Dreiser, had lots of themes. Natural Selection and the Surviva
5、l of the fittest as one of them reflected in the whole book. Carrie Sister and other persons destiny all had relationships with it. The influence of Social Darwinism appeared in this book, too. According to this paper, the readers would understand Dreiser and his novels themes better. And also, when
6、 we met the fierce competition in the job market we could deal with the problems better. Carrie had large amount of virtues that deserved to study. So we should learn from her.The scholars studied Carrie Sister in different perspectives. For example, American Dream, Morality about Carrie, Carries fa
7、te and so on. Among them Naturalist Selection and the survival of the fittest was a new research direction.Although we can find a few papers which research this direction, the key points are different. This study not focuses on the evolution and intuition but the competition, the fittest and natural
8、 selection. So the writer tries to explain Carries thoughts and actions in this new view. Chapter 2 Literary reviewsRegarding as a turning point in American fiction, Sister Carrie has long been the subject which is studied by worldwide scholars. In the early time, most scholars believe that Sister C
9、arrie is a girl who comes from rural areas with a nave spirit, and then has different wants day after day.Zhou Haiyan (Zhou, 2007:2) said that Sister Carrie was a girl who had no ability bur wanted a lot and she was full of emotions and desires. Most scholars have the same opinion.Nowadays, most sch
10、olars consider the idea that Sister Carrie represents the new woman image in her age. Peng shuai and Wang juanjuan, two professors from Jiangxi RTV University, put forward that Sister Carrie is a woman who yield to the fate(Peng and Wang,2009;24).Huang ming (2012, 05), who from Zhengzhou finance and
11、 taxation school, analyses the fates of the persons and their characteristics. At the same time, his article tells the readers different themes in this novel. Chang xiaodan (2010, 01) explained Carries images changed as the development of China. Wang lina (2011, 02) elaborated Carries destiny in an
12、irony tone. Wen Shiming and Su junan (2011, 02) tell us Sister Carrie is significant in present China in enlighten peoples value and womens social position. Yang ruijun (2011, 10) approved of the environments influence to Carrie. Wang yanyan (2012, 04) agrees with the time changes persons destiny. F
13、eminist thing theory in Sister Carrie relates thing theory in Carrie Sister. Views on Carrie Sisters future just criticize Carrie directly. In the work, Carrie is portrayed as a strong woman of living. She is young , smart ,beautiful who had all the advantages to compete with others. She could chang
14、e her positions in the different life. She dares to take risks and grasp chances. She could be succeeding. 周明艳The themes of Sister Carrie-the rejected family, the journey to the towering city, the struggle against poverty, the desire for wealth, the illusion of limitless opportunity, the conflict be
15、tween personal desire and convention, the effect of cosmos and social forces upon ignorant man and the sweep the tide of humanity toward a mysterious and hidden shore.(lehan,2) Natural Selection and the Survival of the fittest-the new view of Carries future tell the readers Carries existence, Carries revolution; at last, Carrie became a fittest.Chapter 3 The influence of the Darwins Theory of Evolution on Theodore Dreiser“Modern America is witnessed by the post-bellum decades. The industrial proletariats live at worse conditions. Life becomes a struggle for surviv
