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1、英语语法主要知识整理一、一般疑问句。 1.be动词、情态动词变一般疑问句。把be动词或情态动词(can、may、must)提前。例:He can swim. Can he swim? 2.实意动词变一般疑问句。在句首加 do、does或 did后用动词原形。二、反义疑问句。 前半个句子一般疑问句的前两个词,主语用人称代词。(前肯后否) The boy likes drwing,doesnt he? 含有否定意义的词:hardly、never、few、little、seldom。三、 当从句的主语与主句的主语相同或在前面提过时,去掉;从句中有助动词、be动词或情态动词时去掉,去情态动词加“to”
2、。例:The boy is so young that he cant go to school.The boy is too young to go to schoo.四、 表示前边所说情况同样适合后者,用so+一般疑问语序。 I am a student,too. 例:He is a student So am I. Me,too.否定句中用neither。He doesnt like readily,neither does his father.当主语指同一个人时,用陈述语序“的确如此”。例:We are tired,so we are. We are tired,so are the
3、y.五、感叹句:1、What/How!例:It is a beautiful flower.What a beautiful flower it is!How beautiful the flower is!2、冠词(a、an、the)在形容词之前用what;冠词在adj.之后用how;没有冠词时,看adj.有无名词,有名词用what,没有名词用how。 例:They are beautiful flowers.What beautiful flowers they are!3、Such的用法与感叹句中的what相同。六、现在完成时:have/has+ done(v.+ ed ) 1、表示从过
4、去开始,一直持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常与表示一般时间的时间状语连用:for+时间段;since+时间点,these days、in the last four years。 for ten years.例:We have lived here since ten years ago.有些动词不能够延续:buy、get、leave、many、die、begin、join, 但可以用其状态。 2、过去发生的事对现在造成的影响。 例:He lost his ticket. He has lost his ticket,so he cant get into the cinema.常与alread
5、y、yet、never、ever、just等连用。 例:I have already read it. Have you ever been to Hainan?七、过去进行:Was/Were+doing 1、当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。 例:When I get home,my brother was watching TV. 当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了。 例:While my brother was watching TV,I got home. 2、当一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作也在同时进行。 例:While my brother was watching TV,
6、I was cooking. 3、把过去的一个时间进一步具体时,用过去进行。 例:He playing baseball yesterday.He was playing baseball at 9:00 yesterday.八、直接引语变间接引语(一) 1、原句(引号内)是陈述句用that引导(可以省) 例:He said,“I will go to Beijing”He said(told us) that he would go to Beijing. 2、原句是一般问句用whether或if引导,后用陈述。 例:They asked,“Are you a doctor?” They a
7、sked me if/whether I was a doctor. 3、原句是特殊问句,保留特殊疑问词,后用陈述。 例:I asked him,“Where is your homework?” I asked him where his homework was. 4、原句是祈使句时,借助动词不定式(to do)。(去掉主语you,和情态动词) 例:He said,“Dont play in the street.” He told/asked us not to play in the street.(二)1、当主语的谓语动词是过去时态,从句也要改用过去的某种形式。例:He said,“
8、I am reading”He said that he was reading.2、真理不变。(三)一随主,二随宾,第三人称不改变。(四)时间状语、地点状语改变。nowthen herethere九、主动被动 be+ done 例:He speaks EnglishHe went to the store with her. English is spoken by him.1、找到原句的宾语变成新句子的主语。2、找到be的适当形式要根据原句的事态,新句子的主语。3、将原句动词变为过去分词。十、对划线部分提问: 用特殊疑问词代替划线部分,将剩余部分变为一般疑问句。1、 问动作用whatdo(
9、随原动词形式)。2、 问时间when、what time、how long、how soon。3、 问人用who(主)、whom(宾)、whose(形容词性物主代词)。4、 问物、事,一组数字用what。5、 问地点用where。6、 问原因用why。7、 问年龄用how old、whats the age of?8、 问长度用how long ,距离用how far,频率用how often。十一、冠词(a、an、the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those)、形容词性物主代词(my、your、her、his、its)、名词所有格(Bobs、Kates )只用其中一个。当名
10、词前有了冠词时,不再用指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。十二、虚拟语气:不可能实现的愿望或与事实相反的一种假设。例:If it rains today,I will stay at home. If it rained money,I would go out. If I were you,I would have have a party.从句用过去式,主句用情态动词的过去式+动词原形。十三、定语从句。对第二个句子相同的名词/代词画线提问(问物用that/which)。十四、人称代词主格主语Iyouhesheitwethey宾格宾语meyouhimheritusthem物主代词形容词性物代myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性物代mineyourshishersitsourstheirs形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词