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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一 现在完成时概念及用法：1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他一般疑问句：have/
2、has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has.否定回答：No, 主语+ havent/ hasnt. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间等already常用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句。二 常用句型结构辨析（一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： have/ has been to + 地名 “曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。He has
3、 been to England twice他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了” ， 说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) have been in +地点 待在某地，常与时间段搭配。I have been in Shanghai for three years.（二）since与for区别：1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词
4、性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短；since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“Its+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。Ive lived in this city for five years.He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day.Weve studied here since 2009.She has worked here for five years.Its two years since I c
5、ame to China.练习：用since 和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland last Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital 0ctober.2）for 与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=My un
6、cle has worked at this factory since five years ago.练习：I have studied English for five years.- I have studied English . （三）延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词表示经过、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Ive known him since then. 表经历He has finished the work. 表结果（1）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法：非延续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动
7、作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如two years ago.He joined the Army three years ago.非延续性动词可用于“It is/has been +时间段+since”句型It is/has been three years since I bought the book.从我买这本书到现在3年了。I began to study English three years ago.
8、It is since I study Enlish.I moved to Changchun 5 years ago. .Lily finshed her homework 2 hours ago. .延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语for+段时间/since+时间点/since引导的从句（过去时）/since+段时间+ago等连用。(2)非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换： 非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动
9、词，用于现在完成时态，时间状语为for+段时间/since+时间点/since引导的从句（过去时）/since+段时间+agoThe old man died 4years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years.I borrowed the book 5 days ago.=I have kept the book since 5days ago. borrow-keep buy-have catch a cold-have a cold put on-wear get to know-know get to sleep-sleep非延续性动词转
10、化为“be+ adj 、adv、prep、n” begin/start-be on go out-be out get to/arrive in/reach-be in die-be dead open-be open leave- be away finish-be over fall ill-be ill get up- be up fall asleep-be asleep join-be a member of go to school- be in school become-be make friends-be friendscome/go-be+相应的介词短语练习-同义句转换：1
11、 I bought the dictionary last year.I have the dictionary one year.2 The film began 5 minutes ago.The film for 5 minutes.3 His grandfather died 5 years ago.His grandfather for 5 years.4 His uncle left the city 2 hours ago.His uncle the city 2 hours.三 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。强调的是现在的情况。I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.(2)一般过去时时间状语：yesterday, last year, 时间+ago, in 1990, just now 现在完成时时间状语：ever、never、yet、already、recently、so far专心-专注-专业
