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1、 2022大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(19)A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsB) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceC) the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureD) full support from agriculture experts注：因果关系词 because of“This technique can be used on 7
2、5 percent of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed
3、 to obtain 10 years ago.一、翻译标准：忠实、通顺1.忠实指意义忠实于原文2.通顺指符合中文表达习惯。3.“信、达、雅”二、评分状况(每题2分）1.全句构造（句子当中各个成分位置挨次安排是否恰当合理）0.5分2.除全句构造0.5分之外，剩下1.5分分布于句子当中三个重要给分点（通常为重要词组或者重要构造）重要构造：定语从句、比拟构造、虚拟语气、倒装构造、双重否认例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brai
4、n that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.讨论人员证明人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在留意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更加有效的活动。（全句构造0.5）三、翻译过程1.找到需翻译语句对应文中的位置2.理解阶段1）依据上下文关系2）分析句子构造3）表达阶段（留意中英文表达习惯的差异）1）词序：即词与词或词与句子之间的位置挨次关系，中文习惯为修饰语前置。例：The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。I l
5、ike the watch which you bought me.我喜爱你给我买的那块表。We can keep fit by going in for exercise.我们可以通过参与体育熬炼来保持安康。2）句序：a.中文习惯为状语从句前置，英语中状语从句（如缘由、条件从句）有时置于主句之后，而汉语一般将状语从句置于主语之前。例：I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.假如不碍事的话我很快乐和你们一起去。b.中文根据时间规律挨次安排句序，英文根据事情的重要性来安排句序。例：It was a keen disa
6、ppointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.我原打算1月份访问中国，后来必需推迟，对此我深表圆满。翻译技巧1.增词法：目的在于使译文通顺而不是增加含义1）增加动词例：After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.(参与)宴会和(出席)音乐会之后他会连续写报告。2）增加名词例：He cann”t endure the tension of modern life.他不能忍受现代生活
7、的紧急(节奏)。例：You are frank and honest with all your faults.你对错误的（态度）坦诚。2.转译法：1）含有动词意味的名词转译为动词例：It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people”s will as soon as possible(ASAP).这充分证明白我们都盼望根据人们的意愿尽快解决问题。2）动词转译为名词例：Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间关系的特点是以礼相待。例：Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.根据设计大局部卫星在完成任务后自行燃烧。3）形容词副词之间相互转译例：We took several brief and restless naps.我们简短担心地睡了几次。
