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1、短文改错近年来短文改错题的题材内容均是与学生的学习和生活相关的话题，短文通常为120个词左右，其文字浅易，句子结构简单，主要考查学生在篇章结构中综合运用语言知识的能力、理解的准确度及掌握的熟练程度。短文本身文字难度不大，学生要想在高考中取得较高分，除了要有扎实的基本功，还应了解改错题的命题特点及解题技巧。一 考查要点1. 词法的测试1)定冠词和不定冠词的用法；2)名词的单复数和名词所有格；3)动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等；4)人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；5)介词的搭配；6)并列连词、从属连词的用法；7)形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用
2、法；8)固定搭配和习惯用法。2.句法的测试1)主谓语在数上的一致；2)名词性从句；3)定语从句；4)强调句型；5)句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。3.语篇的测试1)上下文中的时态是否一致；2)上下文中的代词是否一致；3)上下文中的逻辑是否一致；4)上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。 二解题技巧做短文改错可分三步走：第一步：浏览全文，理解大意。把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。尤其是行文逻辑方面的错误，有时孤立地读一个单句时是没有错误的(或是不易看出错误)，但是，如果联系上下文，就会发现该句的问题所在。第二步：先易后难，各个击破。在第一次阅读时，把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好
3、，这样也为再进行分行、分句改错时，起到了降低难度的作用。做完上述工作后，就要进入逐句改错的阶段。这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇(详见考查要点)角度着重分析和特别注意。第三步：还原检查，查漏补缺。把改过后的词语放入短文中，再从头到尾看一遍，从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。 此外，一定要特别注意符号的准确性。考生必须根据试题的要求，使用规范的符号，在高考中不少考生因为使用符号不当而导致扣分，那是很不应该的，也是非常可惜的。但是如果找对地方，并使用正确的符号标识出，虽然改的词不对，但也会给0.5分。一行中最多有两处错误，一共有10处错误，多者（从第11处起）不计分。每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
4、。三 解题原则1.错误以改动最少为原则2.虚词以添加或删除为原则eg. 1) They are afraid of I will feel lonely. 2) I n some places you may borrow as many books as you want, but in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels.a 3)But he was even more surprised to see few children near the tigers
5、 cage.3.实词以改变形式为原则eg. 1) Would you mind do me a favor? doing 2) I am sure we will have a wonderfully time together. wonderful4.原意以坚持不变为原则eg. 1) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 2) But I know a bull can run more faster than a man. 3) Modern people know more
6、about health, have better food, and to live in clear surroundings. 4) Thats why Americans get uneasy when a listener is silence and shows no change of expressions.silent四 错误类型1.词法方面1）名词的数：如Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects2）人称代词、物主代词：如The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. the
7、ir3）指示代词：如Although this few words sound simple enough , these4）反身代词：如 On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over 5）不定代词：如Now someone at home reads instead. everyone/everybody6）动词的时态、语态：如At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the apologizeddinner started.7）非谓语动词：如I
8、 was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. watching8）动词短语：如Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. with9)形容词、副词的词性及比较等级:如Yes, a concert can be very excited.exciting10)冠词：如
9、We may be one family and live under a same roof the11)介词：如Can you tell me about what I should do? 12)固定搭配：如In any other words, I am an only child.2.句法方面：1）主谓一致：如Now the picture and prize is hanging in the library. are2）并列连词：（and, but, or, so等）：如 She was smiling but nodding at me. and3）从属连词（引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、状语从句等）：如I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. that4）关系代词/关系副词（引导定语从句）：如I live in Beijing, where is the capital.which5）感叹句、疑问句、祈使句的结构：如Working hard, and youll succeed at last. Work6)词义的重叠：如Whenever I see them, I will often think of my English teacher.
