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1、模块7第4单元语法突破定语从句复习(1)山东 刘永科定语从句，是英语学习的重点和难点，也是高考英语和其他各类英语考试的必考题目。要想掌握定语从句，就必须弄懂定语从句的实质，并掌握如下要点：1. 英语中作定语的成份有许多，如形容词，不定式，分词等，所谓定语从句，就是句子作定语；2. 被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；3. 定语从句要有一个关系词(关系代词或关系副词)所引导；4. 关系代词和关系副词的区别，即引导定语从句的不同作用；5. 介词置于关系代词之前；6. 关系代词或关系副词的省略；7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。下面结合本单元课文例句，讲解一下与定语从句有关的问题。【课文原句】
2、Ive included some photoes which will help you picture the places I talk about. (P 29)【点拨】which will help you picture the places I talk about是定语从句修饰photoes，which不可省略是因为在定语从句中作主语。在本句中又包含了一个定语从句I talk about，关系代词可以省略是因为作定语从句的宾语。同样，在本课中还有一个类似的句子：The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but
3、 a contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 在gift和something之后分别省略了that，是因为关系代词作了定语从句的宾语，而在who really need it中，who作了定语从句的主语，所以不可省略。再请比较：She is the girl who helped me. (who不可省略)She is the girl (who) I helped. (who可以省略)【课文原句】When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mo
4、rnings” for me from the boys, many of whom have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school. (P 29)【点拨】many of whom have walked a long way是boys的非限制性定语从句。所谓“非限制性定语从句”，就是它和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明而已，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句和主句之间用逗号分开，关系代词不用that，也不可以省略，翻译时可单独译成一句。例如： Beijing, which is
5、 the capital of China, has a very long history. 北京是中国的首都，她有着悠久的历史。本句many of whom have walked a long way可以改为of whom many have walked a long way, 课文中还有类似的一句：Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. 又如：He has two daughters
6、, one of whom is a docter.He has two daughters, of whom one is a doctor.(以上两句说法都正确)The old man lives in a house, whose windows face south.The old man lives in a house, the windows of which face south.The old man lives in a house, of which the windows face south.(以上三句说法都正确)【课文原句】The only possessions
7、that I could see were a few tin plates and cups and a couple of pots. (P 30)【点拨】that I could see were a few tin plates and cups and a couple of pots是定语从句。关系代词that在这里可否换成which吗？当先行词被the + very/only/same等表示唯一概念的形容词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which，如：The very problem that I want to solve is this. 我要解决的第一个问题就是这个。T
8、he only thing that we should do is to find our way home. 我们要做的唯一的事情是找路回家。当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时，关系代词用that，不用which，如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。当先行词有序数词(包括last)修饰时，关系代词用that，不用which，如：The first book that the scholar wrote is about population. 这位学者写的第一本书是关于人口的。当先行词被any, all, eve
9、ry, no, some, much, few, little等词所修饰时，关系代词多用that，少用which。例如：Tell us all the things that you know. 把你所知道的一切告诉我们。There is no difficulty that we cant overcome. 没有什么困难我们克服不了。The boy gave his parents the little money that he had earned. 这孩子把他赚的一点钱给了父母。模块7第4单元语法高考链接山东 刘永科【高考真题】1. Were just trying to reach
10、 a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06山东)A. where B. that C. when D. which【语法解析】A. 先行词point可以看作是表示“地点”的名词。从定语从句本身看，既不缺主语也不需宾语，而缺少的是地点状语，故应选择关系副词where引导。表示地点的词太多了，类似point的词还有：position, situation, stage, spot, case等，定语从句往往用关系副词where引导。【考题预测】 Perhaps this is the only market _ you ca
11、n get such cheap goods. (D)A. that B. of which C. when D. where After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (B)A. which B. where C. that D. when【高考真题】2. We are living in an age _ many things are done on the computer. (03北京) A. which B. that C. whose
12、D. when【语法解析】D. 先行词age是表示“时间”的名词。定语从句本身既有主语又有宾语，根据先行词age的含义，定语从句应由关系副词when引导。表示时间的名词有很多，类似age的词还有：period, stage, moment, occasion等。【考题预测】 Do you remember the afternoon _ we first met three years ago? (A) A. when B. where C. that D. which Ill never forget the occasion _ I was accepted as a League mem
13、ber. (C) A. that B. which C. when D. where【高考真题】3. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (06福建)A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 【语法解析】A. 先行词house和roof 的关系是“所属关系”，这时的关系代词应该用表示这种关系的whose, 它既可以指人，也可以指物。【考题预测】 He is a scientist _ name is known all over the world. (B) A.
14、his B. whose C. which D. of whom The headmaster says all the desks _ legs are broken must get repaired. (A)A. whose B. which C. their D. that【高考真题】4. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. (05全国)A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom【语法解析】D. 这是一个非限制性定语从句。之所以选择of whom，是因为“他们中的一些”这个概念。这也是表达一个所属关系的定语从句，some和friends 的关系就是所属关系，因此，用of whom some ,也可以说，some of whom【考题预测】 South of the village there is a mountain, _ the top is always covered with snow all year atound. (B)A. whose B. of which C. its D. that He is the man _ the name is included in the list. (D) A. whose B. who
