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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、英语句子结构一、简单句的6种基本结构简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。Li Hui and Li Hua went there together.She went out, bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.1.主谓结构：主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。本结构是由主语加不及物动词或短语构成,常用来表示主语的动作。2.主谓宾结构：主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词（词组）。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。3.双宾语结构：主语+及物谓语动词（词组）
2、+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物） (S+Vt+IO+DO) 如：He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for，如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, o
3、ffer, pass, promise, return, send, show, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等4复合结构：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+C）。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。如：The sun keeps us warm.(we are warm) I heard him singing.(he is singin
4、g) You must get your hair cut.(Your hair is cut)用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.5主系表结构：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)。连系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, have been)；其他连系动词如：become,turn,go,get和感官动词如：feel, sound，look, smell，taste, obse
5、rve等。连系动词与其后的成分构成系表结构，表语多为形容词或副词。表语说明主语的状态、性质、等，可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。（1）当连系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达变为之意。eg: He became a teacher at last. His face turned red.（2）感官动词多可用作连系动词。eg: He looks well.他面色好。 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 I feel good.我感觉好。 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 6There系动词主语（There is a man.）表示“存在有”，
6、这里的there没有实际意义。此结构中不能出现表示“有”的实义动词have，即不能说There has an old man there. 试比较：There is a boy there.那儿有一个男孩。前一个there无实义，后一个there为副词“那里”。这个句型也可以变形为：There is going to be-将会有-There havehas been-已经有-There appeared(seemed) (to be)-好像有-There lived-住着- There used to be-过去常有-There happened to be-碰巧有-There remain
7、ed-剩下有-等。上述六种句型，主语、宾语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语状语。如：The red sun rises. The red sun rises in the east. He brings me cookies every day.二、并列句：由并列连词把两个或以上的简单句连在一起的句子。并列句中的简单句互不依从，没有主从之分。并列连词有：and, both-and, but, not only-but (also), or, so, still, yet, for, either-or, neither-nor, while 等。1.but是并列连词，用于句首，其后无符号隔开；h
8、owever是副词，可位于句首、句中或句尾，其后常有逗号。 He said it was so; however, he was mistaken. 2.yet可与and连用，but不可；yet可与although/though连用，but不可。 ThoughAlthough he was ill, yet he managed to come.；Though可作副词，放在句末：“不过、但是”，although无此用法。He said he would help me;he didnt,though.3.so不可与because连用。4.祈使句名词短语+andoror elseotherwis
9、e+将来时的陈述句。祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.=If you tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, you will have a nice strong kite.5.while作并列连词，表示对比的情况“然而”。The language in America stayed the same, wh
10、ile the language in England changed.三、复合句：由一个主句和一个（或一个以上）的从句构成的句子。从句作主句的一个成分，常有连接词引导，从句和主句都有完整的主语和谓语。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又被称为形容词性从句。He said he would do what he could to help her out. (宾语从句)When he came back to home, I was preparing
11、supper. (时间状语从句)Although he practiced hard, he didnt pass the driving test. （让步状语从句）尽管他努力练习了，他没有通过驾驶考试。Whoever comes late shall wash up the dishes. (主语从句)My idea is that we should put off the plan. (表语从句)The idea that we should put off the plan wasnt accepted by all(同位语从句)简单句和复合句简单句（SIMPLE SENTENCE)
12、1.主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+C）6There be句型（ThereLink verbS）并列句(COMPOUND SENTENCE)通常由and ,but 等词连接。I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it.I bought my sister a present, but she did not like it.复合句(COMPLEX SEN
13、TENCE)1.名词性从句：（1）主语从句（2）宾语从句（3）表语从句（4）同位语从句2.形容词性从句定语从句3.状语从句（时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、结果、比较、方式等）2008-2012年高考英语试题分类汇编-句子结构 (08全国II) 1. Stand over there,_ youll be able to see the oil painting better.A. but B. till C. and D. or(08重庆) 2.The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life. A. and B. or C. bu
14、t D. so (08江苏) 3.It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself.A. 不填；butB. 不填；or C. not; orD. not; but (08湖南) 4.I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time. A. but B. or C. so D. for (08湖南) 5._ the website
15、 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting.AHaving searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search (08四川) 6.In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. while C. because D. though(11全国I) 1. Someone wants you o
