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1、精选文档定语从句一、定义及相关术语1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词以后。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后边，因此假如在名词或代词后边出现一个从句，依据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是不是定语从句。2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3、关系词：指引定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词相关系代词和关系副词;关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词平时有以下三个作用：A、指引定语从句；、取代先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
2、从句:限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确立的作用，是先行词不行缺乏的定语，假如省去，主句的意思就会不完好或不合逻辑。这类定语从句和主句之间不可以用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松懈，不过对先行词作附带说明，假如省去，主句的意思仍旧完好或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号分开。关系词指代充当成分that人或物主（宾）which物主（宾）关系代人主（宾）who词whom人宾语whose+n人或物定语Eg.Iknowthemanwho/thatwearahat.(连接主从句，代替先行词theman,在定从中做主语)定语从句解题三步骤：1.找出先行词2.判断成分：确立先行词在从句中的成分（主语，宾语，
3、状语）3.选择正确的关系词注意：正确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分.请找出下边句子中的定语从句,并判断其成分：1）ImetMarywholookedverysad.2）Theoldmanwhomyoutalkedtoyesterdayismyuncle.3）Thisisthepenwhichhegaveme.二、关系代词指引的定语从句1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语,宾语，做宾语常常可省略。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2、whom指人，为who的宾格，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。关系代词whom在口语中可用who或that取代。Th
4、eman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语常常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4、that既可指人也可指物，指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语常常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Thepersonth
5、at/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.5、Whose平时指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.【注意】指物时，常用以下结构来取代：the+n.+of+whichTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichis
6、brokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?注：that与which用法差别(1)只用which,不用that的状况(a)在指引非限制性定语从句时,只好用which。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.介词后用which,不可以用that。（物用which，人用whom).Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependon
7、thelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.1.在非限拟定语从句中。3.有两个定语从句，此中一个从句关系代词已用了that，另一个宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.当先行词自己是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.只好用that作为定语从句的关系代词的状况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,little,few,
8、much等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高等时，只用that,不可以用which。.先行词既有人，又有物时。先行词指物，在主句中作表语时Eg;Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?WhothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunishedAllthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadst
9、olentothepolice.三只用who的状况当先行词是those,she,he,they,one,ones,anyone等代词时，关系代词用who.Hewhoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.五、关系代词as和which指引的定语从句as和which指引非限制性定语从句时，其用法有同样之处，也有不一样之处。详尽状况是：1、as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2、as指引的非限制性
10、定语从句可以放在主句以前、主句以后，甚至还可以切割主句。which指引的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句以后。别的，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.【注意】当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词常常只用which。Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteach
11、erveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.二、关系副词指引的定语从句1、when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschoolThetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2、where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Sh
12、anghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.注：当先行词是case，point,stage,situation等表示状况，阶段，某方面的词时也要用where3、why指原由，在定语从句中作原由状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.【注意】关系副词指引的定语从句常常可以用“介词+关系代词”指引的定语从句来表示。关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichw
13、here=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.三、“介词+关系代词”指引的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheonc
14、estudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.【注意】1、含有介词的短语动词一般不打开，介词仍放在短语动词的后边。如：takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)I
15、amlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.2、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不行用who指物时只可用which，不行用that。关系代词是全部格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)lookfor,lookafter,(正)（误）和that；关系代词3、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,b
