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1、2023高中英语动词种类和形式知识点归纳中学英语动词种类和形式学问点归纳类 别意义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas.They eat a lot of potatoes.连系动词本身有肯定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必需和表语一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher.Twins usually look the same.The teacher became very angry.助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否认、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自
2、身有人称、单复数和时态的改变。He doesnt speak English.We are playing basketball.Do you have a brother情态动词本身有肯定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的改变,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.May I smoke hereWe must go now.重要注解：(1)关于实义动词：英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需
3、跟宾语的叫不及物动词。有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive等。有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say,raise,lay,find,buy等。大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study,sing等。有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know,wash等。有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen,reply,wait,look.(2)关于连系动词：连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。常见的.连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、
4、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie等。有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着改变：look(看看起来)、feel(感觉、摸感到)、smell(闻、嗅闻起来)、taste(尝尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动变得)、grow(生长变得)、get(得到、到达变得)、go(去变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。(3)关于助动词：常见的助动词有：用于进行时和被动语态的be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being);用于完成时的have(has,had,having);用于将来时的shal
5、l(should);will(would)用于一般时的do(does,did).助动词必需同主语的人称和数一样,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采纳不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall,will,should,would.2、动词词形改变一览表：(1)规那么动词改变表：规 那么变 化原形动词结尾状况现在时单三人称现在分词/动名词过去式和过去分词一般状况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾yi,+es+ingyi,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+
6、siey,+ing+d不规那么改变havehas；beis(无)(见不规那么动词改变表)(2)不规那么动词改变表：(原形过去式过去分词)be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuil
7、tbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshinesho
8、neshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowg
9、rewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstood
10、laylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain3、be(“是/存在)动词的各种时态改变：一 般 现 在 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人称) will be.I amHe/She/It is going to beWe/You/
11、They areI have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一 般 过 去 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人称) would be.I wasHe/She/It was going to beWe/You/They wereI had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.留意：句型改变时,否认句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为nt(am后面not不行以缩写)；疑问句将am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/
