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1、学习好资料欢迎下载化合物的英文命名(Nomenclature of compoundsI 无机物的命名(Inorganic compounds)1元素与单质的命名“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素 的名称，同时又是单质的名称。S-block ElementIAIIAHHydroge nBe BerylliumLiLithiumMgMagn esiumNaSodiumCa CalciumKPotassiumSrStro ntiumRbRubidiumB
2、aBariumCsCesiumFrFran ciumRaRadiumP-block Eleme ntIIIAIV AV ABBoronCCarbonNNitroge nAlAlumi niumSiSilico nPPhosphorusGaGalliumGeGerma niumAsArse nicInIn diumSnTinSbAn tim onyTlThalliumPbLeadBiBismuthVIAVIIA0HeHeliumOOxyge nFFluori neNeNeonSSulfurClChlori neArArgo nSeSele niumBrBromi neKrKryptonTeTel
3、luriumIIodi neXeXenonPoPol on iumAtAstati neRnRadonCommon Tran siti on ElememtFe :ironMn :mangan eseCu:copperZn:zi ncHg:mercuryAg:silverAu:gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀(1)mono-,(2)di-,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra - ,(5)penta-(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-,(8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这
4、些前缀都尽可能被省去。 Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and saltsi. Single valence ionsCation s name = Elementfor example:Na+ SodiumAl3+Alumi numK+PotassiumCa2+Calciumii.Multivalence ionsCation s name = Element(N)For example:Fe2+Iron (II)orFe3+lron( III)orCr2+Chromium(II)Cr3+Chromium(III)Mn
5、4+Mangan ese(IV)Mn 2+Mangan ese(II)对于有变价的金属兀素，除了可用刖缀来表示以外，更FerrousFerric态，或用后缀-ous表示低价, 如FeO:多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化Fe2O3:Cu2O:CuO:-ic表示咼价。iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide iron (III) oxide 或 ferric oxide copper(I) oxide 或 cuprous oxide copper(II) oxide 或 cupric oxide Naming nonmetal ions (anions)i. Monatomic
6、anionsAnion s name = Element s root -ideFor example:ii. Polyatomic oxyanionsa. Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate )s name = Central Element Anionfor example:ClO3-Chlor ateIO3-NO3-CO32- b. Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )Anion s name = Central elementfor example:ClO2-PO33-root -atelod at
7、ePO43-SO42-PhosphateSulf ateNitr ateCarb on ateroot -iteIO2-NO2-SO32-c. Acid radicals forChlor itePhosphiteSulf ite hypo-salts (次酸根 -ite )Iod iteNitr iteCl-ChlorideO2-OxideBr-BromideOH-HydroxideI-IodideCN-CyanideS2-SulfideH-HydrideHypo chlor iteHypoiod iteHypo phosph itePO23-Anion s name = Hypo- Cen
8、tral element s root -ite for example:ClO-IO-d. Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根 Per -ate )Anion s name =Per- central Element s root -atefor example:CIO4-Perchlor ate104-Per iod ateMnO4-Per mangan ate Naming compoundsi. Metal oxideMetal oxide =Cation + oxidefor example:FeOIron (II) oxide(Ferrous oxide
9、)Fe2O3Iron (HI) oxide(Ferric oxide)Fe3O4Ferroferric oxidePb3O4Trilead tetroxideNa2O2ii. Nonmetal oxideSodium peroxideNonmetal oxide = n-Nonmetal element + n-oxidefor example:COCarbon mono xideCO2Carbon dioxideSO3Sulfur trioxideN2O3Dinitrogen trioxideP2O5Diphosphorus pen toxideN2O4Din itroge n tetrox
10、ide(tetra-,mono-后缀中的 a,o在后o之前省去）有些物质常用俗称，如 NO: nitric oxide N2O: nitrous oxideiii非金属氢化物除了水和氨气使用俗称 water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命 名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。a对于卤族和氧族氢化物，H在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合 物。举例： HF hydroge n fluorideHClhydroge n chlorideHBr hydroge n bromide HIhydroge n iodideH2S hydroge n sulfide
11、H2Se hydroge n sele nideH2Te hydroge n tellurideb对于其它族的非金属氢化物，H在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀-ane,氮族还可加-ine举例： PH3: phosphine 或 phosphaneAsH3: arsine 或 arsaneSbH3:stibine 或 stibaneBiH3: bismuthaneCH4: metha neSiH4: sila neB2H6: dibora neiv. Acidsa. Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt- ate,-ide)Acid = Central element
12、 s root -ic + acidfor example:H2CO3Carb on ic acidH2SO4Sulfur ic acidH3PO4Phosphoric acidHNO3Nitr ic acidHClO4Perchlor ic acidHClHydrochlor ic acidb Meta- and hypo-acid ( its salt-ite)Acid = Central element s root -ous + acidfor example:H2SO3Sulfur ous acidH3PO3Phosphorous acidHNO2Nitr ousacidHClOHy
13、pochlor ous acidHClO2Chlor ous acid含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子采用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，价态相同的含氧酸 及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀。咼某酸per-ic正酸 -c亚酸-ous次酸 hypo-ous咼某酸根per-ate正酸根-ate亚酸根-ite次酸根hypo-ite其它的前缀还有ortho-正meta-偏thio-硫代举例：HClO4perchloric acidClO4-perchlorate ionHClO3chloric acidClO3-chlorate ionHClO2chlorous acidClO2-chlorite ionHClOhypochlorous acidClO-hypochlorite ionH2SO4sulfuric acidH2SO3sulfurous acidHNO3n itric acidHNO2n itrous acidHPO3metaphosphoric acidS2O32-thiosulfate ionH2SO4sulfuric acidHClhydroge n chloride or hydrochloric a
