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1、第八讲 听力试题的命题规律和解题技巧(5)上下义概念的考查 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如： M: Let me see.Ive printed my family name,first name,date of birth and address. Anything else? W: No,thats all right.Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man been doing? A. Having an
2、 interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。 M:What happened to you? You are so late. W:The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had to walk from there. Q:Why was the woman so late? A. Something
3、 went wrong with the bus. B. She took somebody to hospital. C. Something prevented her from catching the bus. D. She came on foot instead of taking a bus. Something went wrong 是对the bus break down的概括性表述。 对话听力中其它考查项目，如因果、条件、否定、比较等可参看四六级考试的听力分册。 2短文 该部分共有短文三篇，设10个小题，重要考查两方面的内容： 1）对主题的判断 (1)提问的方式 主题题通常
4、以下列方式提问： What is the main idea/topic of this passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? What can we learn from the passage? What is the passage mainly about? (2)选项特点 主题题的四个选项一般都以短语的方式出现。如： A. Two types of only children. B. Parents responsibilities. C. The necessity of family planning. D. The rel
5、ationship between parents and children. A. Environmental pollution and protection. B. Taxes and services for the public. C. Police efforts to protect people. D. Peoples attitude toward taxes. A. The difference between classical music and rock music. B. Why classical music is popular with math studen
6、ts. C. The effects of music on the results of math tests. D. How to improve your reasoning activity. (3)解题技巧 对于这类题，同学们在听的时候应特别注意文章的首句和尾句，首句一般开篇点名主题，而尾句则总结全文，根据这两句进行推断一般可以确定文章的主题。如上面题可根据文章最后一段的尾句解答，请看原文： We use all sort of services without thinking how we get them. But such services cost money. We pa
7、y for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in a city stop paying taxes? The water supply would stop. The street might not be cleaned. There would be no police force to protect people and property. The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and proper- ty. More than three-f
8、ourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials. Years ago the gov
9、ernment made money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands has now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them
10、 for future years. So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable. 从尾句可以看出文章谈论的是人们为什么都应该交税以使我们的生活更加美好。 再如题，同学们可以通过文章的开始几句，找到文章的主题。请看原文： Do you have a tough math test coming up? Then listen to some classical piano music just before the test. You might end up with a high
11、er score.Researchers at a university in California conducted an experiment. They asked a group of college students to listen to some piano music by a famous 18th century composer before taking a math test. They were surprised to find that the students scores jumped 8 to 9 points. The music seems to
12、excite nerve activities in the brain; similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem. However, the scientists warn that before you get too excited about applying the method to your math test, you should remember that brain exciting effects last only 10 or 15 minutes
13、. Would rock music work as well as the piano music did? No, the scientists say. In fact, the less complex music might even interfere with the brains reasoning ability. 显然，黑体部分表明了文章的主题，紧接着的实验为支撑细节，用于说明文章的主题。 2） 对具体事实的判断 (1)提问的方式 对细节的提问通常以wh-question的方式出现，主要针对文章的有关人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、目的、数据等。 如上面两篇短文的其它几个问题
14、的选项。 Whats the chief duty of every government? A. To protect persons and property. B. To collect taxes. C. To teach and train citizens. D. To save natural resources for future use. How did the government raise money in the past? A. By selling services that make life comfortable. B. By selling land c
15、ontaining oil. C. By selling public lands. D. By selling coal and other natural products. Why can classical music play a positive role in problem solving? A. Because it stimulates your nerve activity. B. Because it keeps you calm. C. Because it strengthens your memory. D. Because it improves your problem solving ability. What is one of the findings of the research? A.Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability. B.The effects of music do not last long? C.The more you listen to music,the higher your test scores will be. D.Music, whether clas
