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1、定语从句专题教案Martin适用对象：中考、高考难度系数：重要程度：教学要点：1 定语从句三要素及关系词的选用（详见表格）；2 只能that或which的情况；3 Which和as的区别；4whose 用法及转换形式；5介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)；6定语从句中的特殊情况。教学重点：1关系代词和关系副词在句子中所做的成分；2关系代词which和 that 的区别；3使用定语从句中应注意的特殊用法；4真题分析。教学难点：1如何判断及选用关系代词和关系副词；2whose 的用法及转换；3介词+关系代词中介词的选用。教学步骤：Step1.导入He is the man th
2、at/who wants to see you.先行词 关系词(在从句中充当主语)定语从句（Attributive Clauses）定义：在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的特点：1.位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。3.关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。Find out the mistakes in the sentences and correct them.1. Ill never forget the days that we worked together.2. Ill never
3、forget the days when we spent together.答案:1.that改为when 2.when 改为 that 错误分析:关系代词和关系副词使用混淆Step2.关系代词和关系副词的作用 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有9个, 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that人/物人/物不能用于非限制性从句which物物who人who可代替whom作宾语whom人whose人/物whenwherewhyas主要用于非限制性的定语从句和suchas, the same.a
4、s., as.as.结构中which作为定语的情况：My father may have to go into hospital, in which case I wont be going on holiday.Step3.考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词I will never forget the day when I first went to school.I will never forget the day which/that we spent in Beijing.The house which/that we visited is being repaired now
5、.The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.巩固性训练：用关系词填空1.The man _ came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom. 3.Could you tell me the reason _ you are late.4.I dont know the boy _ you talked with.5. Beijing is the place _ I came.6.Gone are the days _ we
6、used foreign oil.答案1.who/that 2.whose 3.why 4.(whom/that) 5.where 6.when 提示:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。实例分析:1.Is this the museum _ we held the exhibition? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on wh
7、ich D. the one提示：先把以上句子变为肯定句例1变为肯定句： This is the museum _ we held the exhibition. 例2变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.答案：1.where 2.the one(that /which)(小结)解题步骤：1. 通读全句，首先判断是什么句型；2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式；3. 找出从句部分及先行词；4. 分析从句的句子结构，判断从句中所缺的成分，缺主语、宾语或定语用关系代词； 不缺主语、宾语或定语时选用关系副词做状语。Step4.
8、考点二:关系代词which 和that的区别在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时, 下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:1.先行词被形容词最高级；序数词；the only, the very, the right ,the same 修饰时。This is the only book that I bought today.2.先行词为all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。Is this all that is left？3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。Look at the man and his horse t
9、hat are walking up the street.4.先行词在从句中作表语。Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.5.当主句中含有疑问词which或who时,为避免重复，常用that 代替who 或which。Which are the books that you bought for me?6.主句以there be 开头时There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that 的情况：1.在介词提
10、前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.2.Which 可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.Step5.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。He married her, as /which was natural.在下列情况下一般只能用as：(1) as 放在句首，而which不能。(2) as 本身有“
11、正如；正像”之意，而which 没有；此时as常和 know, see, expect, announce, suggest, hope, believe 等连用。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.由as构成的常用短语As everybody knows/As is known to everybodyAs we can see As is often the case As is reported in the newspaper (3) 当先行词被the same, such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导e.g. Such books as yo
12、u tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.the same as(指同类的东西) the same that(指同一个东西)This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.Translate the following two sentences.1.众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。As is known to everyone, China is a country that has the largest population i
13、n the world.2.他戴着你昨天买的同样手表。He is wearing the same watch as you bought yesterday.Step6.考点四：whose 用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。 Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2. Whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：即whose+名词=the +n + of which/whom
14、=of which/whom + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.= He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.Step7.考点五：介词+关系代词提醒: 介词关系代词(whom/which)引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live.方法一:根据从句中动词的习惯搭配He came to a farm, on which he finally settled.The speed at which light travels is 3000,000
