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1、语法（词法）英语中常见的几类词有：名词，代词，冠词，数词，形容词、副词，介词【名词】名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 ，地方名称 ，职业称呼 ，物品名称 ，行为名称 ，抽象概念 1名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如
2、：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。2名词的复数（1）规则变化A一般情况下加-s。B以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。如：bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches，brush-brushesC以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。如：city-cities，country-countriesD以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es。（2）不规则变化A元音发生变化。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-miceB词尾发生变化。如：child-chil
3、drenC单、复数同形。如：fish-fish，Japanese-Japanese，Chinese-Chinese，sheep-sheep3物质名词（不可数名词）量的表示方法（1）用much，a little，a lot of等表示（2）用容器表示a bowl of rice，a glass of water，a cup of tea，a piece of paper， two glasses of milk，two pieces of paper4名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格的构成法 A单数名词词尾加 s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加 s。the workers bike，the Chil
4、dren s ball B表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加 s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后 s。如： This is Lucy and Licy s room These are Kates and jack s roomsC. 如果是通过在词尾加s构成的复数形式的名词，只加。如:the students books，the girls blouses(2)名词+of+名词: 名词是有生命的，我们就用s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk，the door of t
5、he room但在表示名词所有格时， s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格.如:ten minutes walk，todays newspaper(3)双重所有格所谓“双重所有格（doublegenitive）”，是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格，即“of名词所有格”。双重所有格有以下几个特征：1）“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。因此，我们可以说：aplayof Shakespeares（莎士比亚的一个戏剧），afriendofmywifes（我妻子的一个朋友），但却不能说afunneloft
6、heships或alegofatables，而且该名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的。比如我们可以说，afriendofthedoctors（这位医生的一个朋友），anovelofthewriters（那位作者的一部小说），而不能说afriendofadoctors或anovelofawriters。选择正确答案1. There are forty _ in our school.A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher2. Mr. Li is one of _ in the hospital.A.
7、most popular doctors B. the most popular doctorsC. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor3. The sign NO PHOTOS means that you cant _.A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos4. Some of the boys in _ are afraid of maths exams.A. Class Three B .the Class Three
8、C. Three Class D .the Three Class5. Have you got any _ for us this time?A. pieces of message B. piece of messagesC. pieces of messages D. messages6. _, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. In a few years time B. After a few years timeC. In a few years time D. After a few years time7. Hong K
9、ong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are _ in China.A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARs8. Look! There are _ stars up there in the _.A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; airC. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air9. My father lived in _ for some ten years.A. city Beijing B. the
10、Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing10. Just from the _ I know its Liu Minjun.A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing11. Where are the other two students?Theyre in _.A. teachers office B. teachers officeC. the teacher office D. the teachers office12. How many _ have you next term?Let me
11、 see. Well have eight.A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class13. My uncles full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is _.A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode14. He writes more carefully than _ in his class.A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all student
12、s15. This new kind _ can do half the work.A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor16. John is very happy to have a _ training.A. two weeks B. two-month C. two-weeks D. two-months17. My brother is always careless. He always makes _A. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake18. Mr.
13、Green is nearly _.A. two metres high B. two metres tall C. high two metres D. tall two metres19. Mr. Smith is an _.A. English B. English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen20. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; GermenC. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans【代词】代词可以
14、分为以下七大类：1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either1人称代词 人称代词it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它
