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1、语法(词法)英语中常见的几类词有:名词,代词,冠词,数词,形容词、副词,介词【名词】名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是: 人的名字 ,地方名称 ,职业称呼 ,物品名称 ,行为名称 ,抽象概念 1名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如
2、:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。2名词的复数(1)规则变化A一般情况下加-s。B以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushesC以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。如:city-cities,country-countriesD以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。(2)不规则变化A元音发生变化。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-miceB词尾发生变化。如:child-chil
3、drenC单、复数同形。如:fish-fish,Japanese-Japanese,Chinese-Chinese,sheep-sheep3物质名词(不可数名词)量的表示方法(1)用much,a little,a lot of等表示(2)用容器表示a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of paper, two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper4名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格的构成法 A单数名词词尾加 s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加 s。the workers bike,the Chil
4、dren s ball B表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加 s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后 s。如: This is Lucy and Licy s room These are Kates and jack s roomsC. 如果是通过在词尾加s构成的复数形式的名词,只加。如:the students books,the girls blouses(2)名词+of+名词: 名词是有生命的,我们就用s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk,the door of t
5、he room但在表示名词所有格时, s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加s来构成所有格.如:ten minutes walk,todays newspaper(3)双重所有格所谓“双重所有格(doublegenitive)”,是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of名词所有格”。双重所有格有以下几个特征:1)“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我们可以说:aplayof Shakespeares(莎士比亚的一个戏剧),afriendofmywifes(我妻子的一个朋友),但却不能说afunneloft
6、heships或alegofatables,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。比如我们可以说,afriendofthedoctors(这位医生的一个朋友),anovelofthewriters(那位作者的一部小说),而不能说afriendofadoctors或anovelofawriters。选择正确答案1. There are forty _ in our school.A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher2. Mr. Li is one of _ in the hospital.A.
7、most popular doctors B. the most popular doctorsC. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor3. The sign NO PHOTOS means that you cant _.A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos4. Some of the boys in _ are afraid of maths exams.A. Class Three B .the Class Three
8、C. Three Class D .the Three Class5. Have you got any _ for us this time?A. pieces of message B. piece of messagesC. pieces of messages D. messages6. _, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. In a few years time B. After a few years timeC. In a few years time D. After a few years time7. Hong K
9、ong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are _ in China.A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARs8. Look! There are _ stars up there in the _.A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; airC. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air9. My father lived in _ for some ten years.A. city Beijing B. the
10、Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing10. Just from the _ I know its Liu Minjun.A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing11. Where are the other two students?Theyre in _.A. teachers office B. teachers officeC. the teacher office D. the teachers office12. How many _ have you next term?Let me
11、 see. Well have eight.A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class13. My uncles full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is _.A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode14. He writes more carefully than _ in his class.A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all student
12、s15. This new kind _ can do half the work.A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor16. John is very happy to have a _ training.A. two weeks B. two-month C. two-weeks D. two-months17. My brother is always careless. He always makes _A. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake18. Mr.
13、Green is nearly _.A. two metres high B. two metres tall C. high two metres D. tall two metres19. Mr. Smith is an _.A. English B. English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen20. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; GermenC. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans【代词】代词可以
14、分为以下七大类:1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either1人称代词 人称代词it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it并不译为“它