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1、 2022年职称英语理工类B级非谓语动词辅导:不定式不定式 1、动词不定式形式:(to)+do具出名词、形容词、副词的特征;否认式:not+(to) do 2、不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。 To lose your heart means failure。 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。 It means failure to
2、lose your heart。 常用句式有: 1、It+be+名词+to do。 2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。 4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。 常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批判的形容词,不定式前的sb。可作其规律主语。 (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall。 He appears to have caught a
3、cold。 (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 假如不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here。 He did
4、nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。 (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。 此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: Wi
5、th a lot of work to do, he didn”t go to the cinema。 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road。 (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系: 动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend。 留意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词假如是地点、工具等,应有必要
6、的介词,如: He found a good house to live in。 The child has nothing to worry about。 假如不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词: He has no place to live。 This is the best way to work out this problem。 假如不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? 说明所修饰名词的内容: We h
7、ave made a plan to finish the work。 被修饰名词是不定式规律主语: He is the first to get here。 3、难点解析 (1)接不定式或动名词在意思上有区分的动词: fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do准备(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事) forget to do遗忘(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事) forget doing遗忘(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事) regret to do(对将要做的事)圆满go o
8、n to do继而(做另一件事) regret doing(对已做过的事)懊悔go on doing连续(做原来的事) fstop to do停下来去做另一件事 stop doing停顿正在做的事 (2)以下动词短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词或名词: object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be exposed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to,be contrary to