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1、主谓一致主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系。主谓一致可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。一、语法一致原则：即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项：1. 单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如：Air as well as water is ma
2、tter. 空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and
3、fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。如：Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。what从句作主语时的主谓一致what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： What she said is correct她说的是正确的。 What he gave m
4、e are five English books他给我的是5本英语书。 What he needs is money他需要的是钱。 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit早起早睡是个好习惯。 When and where the building will be built hasnt been decided 何时何地建大楼还未定下来。 Making mistakes and learning to cor
5、rect them are a part of life 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。 What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。4. 连接的并列主语被each, every, no 或 many a 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was
6、absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。We each have something to say. 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than o
7、ne做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 但是当eitherneither of.构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)如：None of us are (is) perfect
8、. 人无完人。 None of the money was paid to me. Either of the girls is Anns sister那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。Neither of them is going to give up the chance他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is o
9、n the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half ”, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如：Only one and a half appl
10、es is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。二、内容一致原则：1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
11、Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.
12、这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数。如：Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数。如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. 集合名词的主谓一致1) 通常作复数的集体名词。包括police , people, cattle, folk, poultry(家禽）等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited
13、 powers.2) 表示类别总称的集合名词通常作不可数名词。包括equipment, furniture, clothing（衣服）, luggage，jewelry, machinery (机械） 等.3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词。包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public等。如：The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数
14、。如:The injured were saved after the fire. 当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。The old gives place to the new新陈代谢。7. 单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters，series，sheep，species，works（工厂）等。如： Th
15、e crossroads isare dangerous这个(些)十字路口很危险。 Every means has been tried各种方法都试过了。 All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都试过了。 A steel works has just been built there那儿刚建了一座钢厂。 Lots of aircraft were sent there很多飞机被派往那儿。 注意 fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。 His works have been translated into several foreign languages 他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。 若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works
