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1、宾语从句概念:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。 I know that you are a student.Can you tell me where you live?She asked me what my name is .2. 从句中人称变化 一随主, 二随宾, 第三人称不更新.(a) He said : “I am a student” He said _ was a student.(b) Lily asked me : “where do you live” Lily as
2、ked me where _ lived.l 2连接词1） 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper。他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could y
3、ou tell me why you were late fthis morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：l 1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：l I dont know when he will come backl 我不知道他将何时回来。l 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：l The children didnt know who he wasl
4、 孩子们不知道他是谁。l He asked his father how it happenedl 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。l 3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：l The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。l 4注意：l if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分
5、别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。l He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。l 简化宾语从句常用法l 同学们常会遇到把含有宾
6、语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：l 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：l Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. l Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.l We decided that we would help him. l We decided to help him.l 方法二：当主句谓语动词是
7、know, learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：l She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.l 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：l Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Cou
8、ld you tell me how to get to the station？l 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。l 例如：l I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.练习：l 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty。A. who B. what C. when D. thatl 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C.
9、 when D. wherel 3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. whol 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will bel 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.l A. whether B where C. what D. whenl 6. Do you know _ they listened
10、to yesterday evening。A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whosel 8. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. (重庆市)l A. what the matter is B. what is wrongl C. what the matter was D. what wrong was 9. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she mayl 10. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.l A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled
