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1、2013届高三一轮复习语法专项虚拟语气一、英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。二、虚拟语气在 if 条件从句中的用法if 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，表假设的情况有可能发生, 用陈述语气。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 另一类是虚拟条件句，表假设的情况不可能发生，只是一种愿望，用虚拟语气。如
2、: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. (事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)含有 if 虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。从句(与现在事实相反) 主句 If 过去时（were）, would/could/should/might do. e.g. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.1). If he (come)here, he (help)you(与过去事实相反) If had done ， w
3、ould/could/should/might have done.e.g. If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam.2). If he (be) there, it (not happen).(与将来事实相反) 过去时If should/would do ， would/could/should/might do. were to do e.g. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my g
4、randmother.3). If we (have)three days off , we (enjoy) a very happy life.注意:l 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。l 如果 if 条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时主从句的动词形式分别用它们对应的时间的虚拟语气。e.g. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 从句动作指过去 主句动作指现在 4). If
5、 they (start)the early morning yesterday, they (be) here now. l 在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。e.g. If he should come (Should he come), tell him to ring me up. 5). If I were you ( you), I would not do it. 三、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去时did（were） 与现在事实相反Wish 过去完成时had done 与过去事
6、实相反 would/could/might do 与将来事实相反 （不用should）e.g. I wish I were a bird.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）6). I wish he (be) at home this time. I wish I (not hurt) him so much。 I wish I (be able to come) tomorrow.四、would rather (that)后的宾语从句的虚拟语气 would
7、 rather（that） 一般过去时did（were） 与现在/将来事实相反 过去完成时had done 与过去事实相反e.g. I would rather you paid me now. （现在）I would rather you had gone, too. （过去）I would rather you came tomorrow. （将来）7）.I would rather everything (not happen).五、as if/though后的状语从句的虚拟语气 一般过去时did（were） 与现在事实相反as if/though 过去完成时had done 与过去事实
8、相反would do 与将来事实相反 e.g. She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again8）He looks as if he (be) drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for years.六、It is（high/about）time+that后的定语从句的
9、虚拟语气It is（high/about）time+that 一般过去时did（were） should doe.g. Its high time that you should have/had lunch.9). Its about time that we (go)to bed. 七、表示要求，命令，建议的动词及相应名词的虚拟语气，用（should ）+ 动词原形do。常见动词： 一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)，四个要求(demand , require, request, desire)。
10、相应的名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire的名词性从句也用虚拟语气。e.g. We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.My suggestion is that you (should) send a few soldiers to help them.10) He insisted that I (be)present. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (close)down.Its
11、 suggested that the plan (carry)out.八、含without/but for（要不是）介词短语的句子一般用虚拟语气，用法同if主句的虚拟语气。（without/but for介词短语相当于if it were not for的条件句。）Without your help, I couldn t finish/ wouldnt have finished my work on time. 11）But for your help, I (have)failed.九、If only 要是就好了 e.g. If only I knew his name! （现在）If
12、 only we had followed your advice!（过去）If only I could see him again!（将来）12) If only I (not miss)the train!If only you (live) with us!十、Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that（should）+动词原形do（虚拟语气） It is a pity that（should）+动词原形doe.g. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign langu
13、age.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.13). Its necessary that we (study)hard.It is a pity that Hnery (be) so careless.Exercises:一、单项选择1.Whatwouldwedoifit_tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow2.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen3.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.had
