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1、Unit 1 Great scientists 语法篇_1. 理解过去分词做定语和表语的语法功能；2. 了解现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别；3. 能够正确使用过去分词作定语，学会作相关题目；过去分词做定语和表语1. 过去分词作定语1)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is ab
2、out environment protection. The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection. a. 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心 a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯 Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody,
3、 those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Isthereanythingunsolved? ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= the machines which
4、were produced last yearc. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光fallen leaves 落叶2） 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别： 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him. Have you read the book recommended by your teacher? 这是你老师推荐的书吗？对比：the
5、 changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人 falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶 a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯3
6、）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：the problem discussed yesterday; the problem being discussed 2. 过去分词做表语1) 过去分词（短语）作表语时, 其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。如：All the windows are broken. All hope is gone. He looked worried after reading the letter.常见作表语的过去分词有： disappo
7、inted, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, gone, dressed, lost等。 注意: 过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（
8、动作）1. Where are the papers for the Smith project?They are in the folder _ “S”（2014. 北京西城区二模）A. markingB. markedC. to be markedD. to mark解析：句意为：史密斯工程需要用到的那些文件放到哪里了？它们被放在标有“S”标记的文件夹里。folder和mark之间是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词形式marked。故答案选B。答案：B2. _ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exa
9、ct proof about it, they could not arrest him.A. AlthoughB. As long asC. If onlyD. As soon as解析：句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确切的证据，他们不能逮捕他。although“虽然，尽管”，符合题意。as long as“只要”，if only“要是就好了”；as soon as“一就”。答案：A3. Seeing their son playing computer games all day，the parents dont know _it.A. how to do B. what t
10、o doC. how to deal with D. how to do with解析：句意为：看到他们的儿子成天玩电脑游戏，父母不知道怎么办才好。此题强调的是怎样解决问题，所以选择C。do with与what连用，故排除D项。答案：C4. We _ his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.A. rejected B. accepted C. followed D. arranged解析：由“decided to have an art club instead”可知选reject“拒绝，不接受”。答
11、案：A5. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ on.A. going B. goes C. went D. to go解析：从with的复合结构的用法特点来看，此处缺少非谓语动词，所以排除B、C。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语，但两者所表示的时间不同：going on表示正在进行，to go on表示将来的动作，故排除D。此处with all that noise going on作伴随状语，可知A项正确。答案：A基础演练1. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic a
12、t the party that night. A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being
13、invited D. had been invited4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother. A. buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought5. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be know
14、n D. known6. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened7. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a la
