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1、跟优习背精巧短文,英语听力篇一：跟人人背精巧短文1：A Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicateskeletons areusuallyscatteredbyscavengersordestroyedbyweatheringbeforethey canbe fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chanceof being preservedthandid
2、terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still,theirfossilizationrequiredasuiteoffactors: aslowrateofdecay ofsofttissues,little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones,a
3、nd fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preservedichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago
4、. Over the years, thousands of specimens ofmarine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressiveis the numberofichthyosaur fossils containing preservedembryos.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been repo
5、rted from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area aroundHolzmaden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaurs repeatedlyovertime.Theembryosare quiteadvancedintheirphysicaldevelopment;their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the
6、 birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.Whyaretheresomanypregnantfemalesand youngatHolzmadenwhentheyaresorare elsewhereThequalityof preservationisalmostunmatchedandquarryoperationshavebeen carriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessoft
7、he valueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonot account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.中文翻译:罕见的化石记录 胚胎与幼体被保存下来在化石记录中是少见的事情。微小纤细的骨骼 通常在石化前就被食腐肉的动物拆散了，或者被风化作用破坏掉了。 鱼龙比起陆地的动物 有更大
8、的几率被保存下来，由于它们作为海洋动物常生活在腐蚀性较小的环境中。 但是它们的石化需要一系列要素：软组织的腐烂速度缓慢，特别少被其他动物残食，缺少混杂、冲走小骨头的快速水流和波浪，以及相当快地被埋葬。 当这些要素存在时，某些地区就会变成一个充满保存完好的鱼龙化石的宝库。在德国获尔兹梅登，那儿的堆积物给人们提出了一个有趣的分析案例。 人们在黑色的、含沥青的海洋页岩中觉察了约 19，000 年前堆积下来的鱼龙化石。 几年时间内，在这些岩石中获得了数以千计的海洋爬行动物、鱼类以及无脊椎动物的标本。 它们的保存质量特别的好，但更令人称奇的是保存下来的育有胚胎的鱼龙化石数目。 在获尔兹梅登附近一个小地区
9、的六个不同的页岩层中分别觉察了育有胚胎的鱼龙化石。 这说明大量的鱼龙经年累月重复使用一个特定的地点。 那些胚胎已经发育得相当完好了。 比方，它们的蹼桨已经完全构成了。 有一个标本甚至被保存在产道中。 而且，那块页岩包含着特别多在20 到30 英寸之间的新生幼体的化石。为什么在其他地点那么稀少的怀孕雌兽和幼体在获尔兹梅登却那么多呢由于其保存质量几乎举世无双，采集工作的进展不断是一丝不苟的。 大家都认识到这些化石的价值极其珍贵，但这些要素并不能解释这个有趣的咨询题： 为什么在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现马上临产的怀孕鱼龙群呢:2：American Black BearsAmerican blac
10、k bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, theblack bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in thesame litter, both brown and b
11、lack furred bears may be born.Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet,weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of mell.Like all bears, the black
12、bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous, but if attacked, mos,itisaformidable enemy.Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, roots, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlikesquir
13、rels, woodchucks, and manyother woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate. Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.Mostblackbearslivealone,exceptdu
14、ringmatingseason.Theyprefertoliveincaves, hollow logs, or dense thickets. A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation period ofsix to nine months, and they remainwith theirmotheruntil they arefully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as lon
15、g as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in game preserves set aside for them.美国黑熊美国黑熊尽管被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。 在它们生活区域的东部，大局部黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，他们那么长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。 在北部，黑熊事实上长着灰色或白色的毛。 确实是在一胎所生的小熊中，都可能混杂棕毛和黑毛。 黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，56 英尺长，300500 磅重。 它们的眼睛和耳朵都特别小，他们的视力和听觉不如嗅觉那样好。 像所有的熊一样，黑熊害怕，笨拙，特别少具有危险性。 但假设遭到攻
16、击，大局部黑熊会以特别快的速度爬上树和奔跑。 当发怒或受惊吓时，黑熊会成为可怕的对手。 黑熊以树叶、草、树根、水果、浆果、昆虫、鱼，甚至更大的动物为食。 熊类，包括黑熊的最有趣的一个特点是他们的冬眠。 与松鼠、旱獭和其它别的林地动物不同，熊并不真正地冬眠。 尽管熊在冬天的几个月中不吃东西，靠体内脂肪维持生命，但它们的体温保持正常，并有规律地一分钟呼吸 4 或 5 次。除交配季节外，大多数黑熊单独生活。 他们喜爱住在洞里、空心的大木头里或茂密的树丛里。 通过6 到9 个月的怀孕期后一胎 14个小熊在 1 月或2 月出生。 它们同母熊住在一起，直到它们完全长大，即 1 岁半左右。 黑熊在野外能够活到长达30 年，在专门的保护区中甚至能活得更长。:3：The Historical Significance of American RevolutionThe ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human a
