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1、2012年6月全国大学英语四级考试试题（一）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 高考刚刚结束，回忆自己当年在高考时刻的想法（紧张、兴奋、恐惧等）2. 对于“高考那段时间，是我人生文化水平的
2、巅峰”的看法3.对于高考一考定终身的看法和建议。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given
3、 in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage。For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。 Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking
4、 into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages。Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in C
5、entral Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become
6、 polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish。Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such proj
7、ects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century。“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for s
8、tudies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as onethird of the worlds projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages。Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitabl
9、e for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Twothirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the a
10、tmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow)。Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, wher
11、e few people live. In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwaterabout the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to t
12、he aquatic environment。”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie betwe
13、en soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground。)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has s
14、hrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel。Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bact
15、eria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting。The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, peop
16、le dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases。In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain com
