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1、Charlie ChaplinCharlie ChaplinSir Charles Spencer Chaplin, KBE (第二等的)高级英帝国勋爵士(16 April 1889 25 December1977), known as Charlie Chaplin, was an Englishcomic actor, film director and composer（作曲家）of the silent film era. He became one of thebest-known film stars in the world before the endof the First
2、World War. Chaplin used mime（滑稽戏）,slapstick（趣剧） and other visual comedy routines,and continued well into the era of the talkies,though his films decreased in frequency from the endof the 1920s. His most famous role was that of TheTramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedyKid Auto Races at V
3、enice in 1914. From the April 1914one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he waswriting and directing most of his films, by 1916 hewas also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists
4、 in 1919.Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent movie comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian st
5、age and the Music Hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplins identification with the left ultimately forced him to resettle in Europe during the McCarthy era
6、 in the early 1950s.In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Chaplin the 10th greatest male screen legend of all time. In 2021, Martin Sieff, in a review of the book Chaplin: A Life, wrote: Chaplin was not just big, he was gigantic. In 1915, he burst onto a war-torn world bringing it the gift of
7、comedy, laughter and relief while it was tearing itself apart through World War I. Over the next 25 years, through the Great Depression and the rise of Adolf Hitler, he stayed on the job. It is doubtful any individual has ever given more entertainment, pleasure and relief to so many human beings whe
8、n they needed it the most George Bernard Shaw（乔治.萧伯纳） called Chaplin the only genius to come out of the movie industry.Early life in London (18891909)Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889, supposedly in East Street, Walworth, London, England. His parents were both entertainers in the mus
9、ic hall tradition; his father, Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr, was a vocalist and an actor and his mother, Hannah Chaplin, a singer and an actress who went by the stage name Lilly Harley. They separated before Charlie was three. He learned singing from his parents. The 1891 census shows that his mother
10、lived with Charlie and his older half-brother Sydney on Barlow Street, Walworth.As a small child, Chaplin also lived with his mother in various addresses in and around Kennington Road in Lambeth, including 3 Pownall Terrace, Chester Street and 39 Methley Street. His paternal grandmothers mother was
11、from the Smith family of Romanichals, a fact of which he was extremely proud, though he described it in his autobiography as the skeleton in our family cupboard. Chaplins father, Charles Chaplin Sr., was an alcoholic and had little contact with his son, though Chaplin and his half-brother briefly li
12、ved with their father and his mistress, Louise, at 287 Kennington Road. The half-brothers lived there while their mentally ill mother lived at Cane Hill Asylum at Coulsdon. Chaplins fathers mistress sent the boy to Archbishop Temples Boys School. His father died of cirrhosis when Charlie was twelve
13、in 1901. As of the 1901 Census, Chaplin resided at 94 Ferndale Road, Lambeth, as part of a troupe of young male dancers, The Eight Lancashire Lads, managed by a William Jackson.A larynx（喉） condition ended the singing career of Chaplins mother. After Chaplins mother was again admitted to the Cane Hil
14、l Asylum, her son was left in the workhouse at Lambeth in south London, moving after several weeks to the Central London District School for paupers in Hanwell.In 1903 Chaplin secured the role of Billy the pageboy in Sherlock Holmes, written by William Gillette and starring English actor H. A. Saint
15、sbury. Saintsbury took Chaplin under his wing and taught him to marshal his talents. In 1905 Gillette came to England with Marie Doro to debut his new play, Clarice, but the play did not go over well. When Gillette staged his one-act curtain-raiser, The Painful Predicament of Sherlock Holmes as a jo
16、ke on the British press, Chaplin was brought in from the provinces to play Billy. When Sherlock Holmes was substituted for Clarice, Chaplin remained as Billy until the production ended on 2 December. During the run, Gillette coached Chaplin in his restrained acting style. It was during this engagement that the teenage Chaplin fell hopelessly in lovewith Doro, but his love went unrequited and Doro returned to America with Gille
