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1、介 词I. 要点1、介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different fro
2、m, good at(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例(1) at, on, in(表时间)表示时间点用at,如at four oclock, at midnight等；表示不
3、确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如Im sitt
4、ing between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.(3) beside, besidesbeside意为在旁边，而besides意为除之外。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?(4)in the tree, on the treein the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上(5)on the way, in t
5、he way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法(6)in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 II.
6、 例题例1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为除了，C-beside意为在旁边，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为除了之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来
7、修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3 Im looking forward _your letter.A to B in C at D on解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为期望、盼望。连词I. 要点1、 连词的种类(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor等。(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(
8、引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、 常用连词举例(1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night.(2) bothand 和， 既也Both my parents and I went there.(3) but 但是，而Im sad, but he is happy.(4) eitheror 或或， 要么要么Either youre wrong, or I am.(5) for因为I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.(6) however 然而，可是Af firs
9、t, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.(7) neithernor 既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not onlybut(also) 不但而且He not only sings well, but also dances well.(9) or 或者，否则Hurry up, or youll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10) so 因此，所以Its getting late, s
10、o I must go.(11) although 虽然Although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就Ill tell him as soon as I see him.(13) because 因为He didnt go to school, because he was ill.(14)unless 除非，如果不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.(15)until 直到He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not until 结构) He
11、stayed there until eleven.(16)while 当时候，而 (表示对比)While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)My pen is red while his is blue. (17)for 因为He was ill, for he didnt come. (结论是推断出来的)(18)since自从I have lived here since my uncle left.(19)hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when th
12、e train left.(20)as far as 就 来说As far as I know, that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里) II. 例题例1 John plays football _, if not better than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.例2 She t
13、hought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while解析：该处意为然而，只有while有此意思，故选D。例3 Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：该处意为或者，正确答案为C。 动词时态、语态I. 要点1、 一般现在时(1) 表示经常发生的
14、动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.3、 现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：Ill meet you at the s
