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1、第八单元 句子的翻译（4）分译与合译法第一部分：分译法分法译英语句子的修饰语既多且长，句子结构复杂，特别是长句；而汉语句子的修饰语则较少且短。因此，英译汉时不可死译硬译，必须根据汉语的特点，灵活处理。分译就是一种常用的翻译技巧。所谓分译就是指根据汉语的句法特点，把英语的句子分解成两个或两个以上的单位，以求译文在正确传达原文的意思内容的前提下明白晓畅。分译通常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译三种情况。单词分译单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1副词The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their e
2、conomic achievement.中国人似乎为他们经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。2形容词George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind.乔治点点头，他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人，对此他心存感激。3名词At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.现在，人们都
3、倾向于采取不偏不依的态度回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.每个帐篷内怎样布置，这就要看各个使用者的性格了。二、短语分译短语分译是原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1分词短语Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.这座桥是1192年修建的，已经有七百多年的历史了。She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring
4、at a corner of the little kitchen.她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。2名词短语I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。3介词短语Their power increased with their number
5、.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。三、句子分译句子分译可分为简单句的分译、并列句的分译、主从复合句的分译和长句的分译。1简单句的分译His wealth enables him to do everything.他有钱，什么事都能干。The wonderful purity of nature at this season is a most pleasing fact.大自然在这个季节里显得特别纯洁，令人特别赏心悦目。2并列复合句的分译
6、Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and she sounded puzzled when Alan asked for June.第一声电话铃响过几秒钟之后，海伦 玛琦拿起电话筒。听到艾伦找琼接电话，她的声音流露出迷茫。It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into pra
7、ctice is by no means an easy job.从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。然而，从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去就决不是那么简单的事情。The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope.鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。老头儿看见它的眼珠已经没有生气儿了，但是它又翻滚了一下，滚得自己给绳子缠了两道。3主从复合句的分译A bankable ac
8、tor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film.所谓“摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员：制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制影片的经费。On December 31, 2001 a dozen members of the European Union switched to the euro a change which affects 300 million people.2001年报12月31日，12个欧盟成员国决定起用欧元这个变化会影响三亿人的生活。Three rains ha
9、d passed, and it was that lean season when the villages store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.三个雨季已经过去，正到了青黄不接的时节。村子里上一季收成之后储存的粮食和其它干果杂品差不多已食用一空了。Because the young man frequently came to the ladys house, he was regarded as the mistresss lover.这个小伙子经常来太太家。因此，别人都以为
10、他是这个女主人的情人。Kunta was so worn out, slumped in his rocking chair, staring vacantly at the fire, that he didnt even notice Bell feeling his forehead and taking off his shoes.昆塔累积了，他颓然倒在他的摇椅中，凝视着火光发呆。他甚至没有感到贝尔用手摸了摸他的前额，并替他脱了鞋。4长句的分译长句的翻译得视具体情况，结合意群的分布等因素来考虑，通过进行合理的切分，从而使译文层次分明，观点明确，语言规范。The president sa
11、id at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到
12、了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。（一句译为三句）Men with an intolerable air of condolence have appeared, as though drawn by the smell of death, dressed comfortably, speaking a manipulated tongue, terminally evil.人们出现了悲哀的样子，这是令人难以忍受的。似乎是死亡的气息把他们引出来的。他们穿着宽松舒适的衣服，说话字斟句酌，十分谨慎，最后仍然露出险恶的用心。（一句译为三句）SENTENCE TRANS
13、LATION1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.2. At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.3. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.4. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.5. Their power increased
14、with their number.6The wonderful purity of nature at this season is a most pleasing fact.7. Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and she sounded puzzled when Alan asked for June.8. A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film.9.
15、 The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.10. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievement.第二部分：长句的翻译长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上的差异很大。所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。一、断句所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简
