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1、八年级上册语法专题之形容词副词的比较级与最高级形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。 一、形容词的原级及用法形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2.可以修饰原级的词: very、quite、 enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) asas (“(不)像一样”,同级比较) not soas (“不像一样”,同级比较)e.g. How happy we are! 我们多么高兴啊！This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。(变否定句)This
2、 ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加est cold colder coldest tall taller tallest high higher highest long longer longest以字母e结尾的词只加r或stnice nicer nicest late later latest fine finer finest 重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest wet wetter wettest t
3、hin thinner thinnest redredder reddest fat fatter fattest sad sadder saddest以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest heavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiest 多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或most in
4、teresting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun不规则变化 little less least good / well better bestbad / ill / badly worse worst many / much more most old older oldest (年龄大的,与than连用) old elder eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用) far farther farthest (距离远)far further furthest (除距离
5、外,还指程度上更进一步的)口诀：合二为一共三对, “坏、病”、“两多”并“两好”； 一分为二有两个，一是“远来”、二是“老”； 还有一词含双义，只记“少”来不记“小”。副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更”2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (得多) a little = a bit (一点点) even (甚至) far (远远) any (丝毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志: than or4.形容词比较级句式:A + be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B. (A比B)Which/Who +be +形容
6、词比较级, A or B? (哪个/谁更, A 还是B？)练习写出下列句子凯特很瘦。凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？玛丽比凯特更瘦。玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？这个箱子比书包更沉。5.副词比较级句式:A实义动词副词的比较级than B. (A得比B)Which/Who +实义动词三单, A or B? (哪个/谁得更, A还是B？)练习写出下列句子自行车和轿车哪个走得快？轿车比自行车走得快。这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。这只羊比狗跑得快吗？吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。(上句同义句) _6.比较级特殊用法:the +比较级+of the two “两者中较的”
7、 他是两个男孩中较高的。Hes the taller of the two boys.“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” “越来越” 他越来越高。 Hes taller and taller. 英语越来越重要 English is more and more important.The+比较级, the+比较级 “越, 越” 你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. not +比较级+than “不如, 不比” no +比较级+than “一样都不” You are not talle
8、r than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。比较级+than any other +sig.+in+同一范围 “比同一范围中其他任何一个更” 比较级+than any +sig.+in+非同一范围 “比非同一范围中任何一个更”Shes nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。 (主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较) Shes nicer than any girl in her sisters class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一个
9、女孩都漂亮。 (主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最”2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。3.最高级标志:in of or4.句式:the + 最高级 +(n.) + in +比较范围 我是我们班最聪明的。Im the cleverest in our class.the + 最高级 +(n.) + of +同类事物 这本书是所有书中最有趣的。The book is the most interesting o
10、f all the books. Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ?五、例题解析与难点攻克主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？请判断正误:1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than I. ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( )Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词),而谓语部分可省
11、略; than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mothers. ( )3.My bag is bigger than you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( )Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为:限定
12、词+n. 名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( )Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比较对象。比较范围5.The Changjing River is the longest _ China. The Chang
13、jing River is the longest _all the rivers in China.Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( )同义句转换问题7.He is taller than anyone else in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ student in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ students in the class.= He is the _ _ student in the class.Notes:同一范围内比较 比较级+than any other +sig.+in =比较级+than anyone else +in =比较级+than the other +pl.+in (只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else)
