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1、概要写作示例与写作训练7【写作示例】【原文呈现】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Dear daughter，As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write a letter to you to tell you all that is on my mind.You have been an excellent elder sister. Even though you two had your share of fights, the last few years you have become best friends.
2、Your sister loves you so much, and she loves to make you laugh. She looks up to you, and sees you as her role model. College will be the most important years in your life. It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about. I encourage you to be inquisitive, but I also want to tell
3、 you: Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten. What I mean by that is the ability to analyze a new problem. That is really what learning in college is about this will be the period where you go from teacher-taught to master-inspired, after which you must become self-lea
4、rner. So do take each subject seriously, and even if what you learn isnt critical for your life, the skills of learning will be something you cherish forever. Do your best in classes, but dont let pressure get to you. Your mother and I have no expectations for your grades. If you graduate and learn
5、something in your four years, we would feel happy. Your Columbia degree will take you far, even if you dont graduate with honors. So please dont give yourself pressure. During your last few months in high school, you were so happy because there was little pressure and college applications are finish
6、ed. But in the past few weeks, we saw you are beginning to worry (did you know you bite your nails when you are nervous?). Please dont be worried. The only metric you should use is that you tried. Grades are just silly letters that give the vain people something to brag, and the lazy people somethin
7、g to fear. You are too good to be either.Love,Dad (& Mom)【思维路径】核心内容 本文是李开复写给即将上大学的女儿的信中的节选部分，全文共分四段。第一段主要讲写信的背景和目的。第二段描写了她是个很好的姐姐及她与妹妹的关系。第三段是李开复给女儿关于大学的第一条建议，即他认为大学学习的真正意义是从被动学习转向自主学习的阶段，会使个人转变成一个很好的自学者。第四段是他给女儿的第二条建议，他以女儿两个不同阶段的表现来建议女儿不要给自己太大的压力，不用太在意成绩，而是应该侧重与个人的努力程度。写作思路(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。理清文章脉络、概
8、括段落大意是写摘要的基础，同学们可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。该文第一段内容简单，主要介绍了地点及写信原因，因此没有明显的主题句；第二段是介绍人物关系，主题句为第一句话，”You have been an excellent elder sister”。第三段的第一句话强调了大学的重要性，但是主题句需要自己稍微总结一下，应为what learning in college is about is the ability to analyze a new problem。第四段的主题句则比较明显，为该段第一句话，”Do your best in classes,
9、 but dont let pressure get to you.”(2)确定表达要点、灵活准确表达。因本文是一封信，所以要把本文的题材类型首先表达出来。其次，每段的段落大意都是我们要表达的要点，这可以确保不漏点。在确定表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达，这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换(paraphrase)，同时要对相关内容进行整合。第一第二段内容不多，可适当表达出要点即可。本文重点在于第三第四段。每段都可归纳一个要点。第三段要点为强调大学学习的主动性，要侧重能力的培养，故在概括的时候可用到该段的部分关键字，如”ability”,”
10、self-learner”,”skills of learning”。第四段要点为不要给自己太大压力，要轻松的学习，不要太在乎成绩。同样也利用巧妙使用关键字的方法来进行概括。句子不能与原文一样，但是我们可以用含有关键字的其他句子来表达。而这段的关键字则为”pressure”,”try”,”happy”等。参考范文 This is a letter a father wrote to the daughter who will enter college soon(要点1). In the letter, father praised daughter as an excellent siste
11、r(要点2). Besides, he emphasized the importance of college and encourage the daughter to cultivate the ability of self-learning(要点3).Whats more, he persuaded the daughter not to put too much pressure on herself(要点4)，instead, happiness is much more important than the grade.(66words)范文解析 范文中主要包含四个要点，分别为
12、每个段落的要点。要点1中介绍了题材和两位主人公。因要点2与要点3，4关联不大，所以把它与要点1用in the letter连接在一起,使文章看上去更连贯一些。因要点3开始是另外一方面的内容，故可理解为转向另一个话题，用besides来进行过渡，并且要点3中有两个小点，这两个小点就可以用and简单连接一下，清晰明了。要点4与要点3是并列关系，故用whats more来承接第二条建议。范文中最后一句话也是要点4的一部分，与前一句话是转折关系，故用instead来导出。综上，范文包含了所有要点，意思全面但又不累赘，措辞简单易懂，结构上也比较清晰。提炼归纳 1. 语义转换语义转换是新题型概要写作中很重
13、要的一项基本技能，因为评价标准对“使用自己的语言进行观点的独立表达”有较高的要求。本范文中我们将”become a self-learner”改写成”the ability of self-learning”,意思一样，但却从不同角度着手，避免了重复运用原文句子的情况。再例如范文中第四段中心句”dont let pressure get to you”,该句已完全表达了第四段的重要内容，如何用另外的句子表达相同的意思是此类作文题的难点之一，我们可以通过改变主语的方式来进行转换，如”persuaded the daughter not to put too much pressure on he
14、rself”。2. 巧用句型巧用句型不仅是原有作文题型中要求的一项提分技能，更是新题型概要写作中的一项增分且实用的技能。将字数较多的原文缩写成60字左右的概要，一个重要的技巧就是学会运用各种学过的句型，尤其是从句的使用。从句能将原来的两个句子的意思表达在一个句子内，意思不变但是字数明显减少。如范文中的第一句“This is a letter a father wrote to the daughter who will enter college soon”，该句为定语从句，整个句子表达了两个意思，一为这是父亲写给女儿的信，二为这个女儿将要上大学了。多使用不同句型的句子不仅能减少字数的使用，而
15、且能使整个文章更加精致和有内容。【写作演练】1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to l
16、onger lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and coopera
