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1、初中阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解是中考的必考题型之一，每年都会有34篇文章。阅读理解的材料一般以故事类占主导，但近几年有了改变，科普知识、生活常识、风土人情、名人轶事以及天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学、社会科学以及背景知识，都是考查的范畴。在2006、2007、2008、2009年的中考中，有些省份阅读理解题出现了应用文，诸如信件、e-mail、广告、电视节目单、列车时刻表、旅游路线图、电话记录、统计图表等。所以，大家在备考中应当留意身边的各种信息。因为阅读理解在中考中占30-40分。一、考查内容：“阅读理解”主要考查学生以下几个方面的阅读理解能力：1.理解和把握文章主旨要义（包括段落大意
2、）和中心思想的能力。2.理解和把握文章具体信息（事实和细节），获取有关信息，尤其是主要信息、关键信息的能力，以及根据文章推测词意、句意的能力。3.根据文章进行简单的数学计算和推算的能力。4.既理解词、词语、句子、文章的表层意思，更要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力。5.理解全篇的逻辑关系，根据已知信息（文意）进行合理推理判断（主要包括推断作者态度、意图、观点等）的能力和预测新信息的能力。6.阅读和答题速度以及答题正确率是符合“新课标”的要求。二、解题技巧：1.顺序法：先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合于内容较易于理解和记忆的文章。2.颠倒法：先读试题，再读文章。这样，我们可以带着问题有的放矢
3、地阅读文章并迅速发现答案。3.交叉法：先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意后，开始答题；对暂时确定不了的答案，可在此回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定答案。4.排除法：对于拿不准的答案，可以先逐项排除自己有把握的错误答案，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。5.要求取先易后难的策略。6.要尊重原材料中的信息、观点，并在此基础上答题；不要凭想当然、主观臆测答题，不要钻牛角尖。三、实例讲解【例1】 Jane Goodball first made friends with a chimp(黑猩猩)when she was one year old.On her first birt
4、hday her mother carried her to the zoo near her home and bought her a toy chimp.She loved her furry(毛绒)friend very much. At age7, Jane Goodball read Dr. Doolittle,a book about a doctor who could talk to animals.She wanted to be able to talk to her favourite animals,too.She expected to go to Africa s
5、ome day so that she could learn more about chimps.When Jane grew up,she still dreamed of going to Africa.She got her wish when she was 26 years old.She went to Gombe National Park where many chimps lived in the forests. Jane watched the chimps closely day after day.She saw that they were a lot like
6、people.They could think and make plants.They used tools.They showed their fear,pain,or pleasure.Sometimes,they fought.Often,they hugged(拥抱)and kissed. Scientists were surprised by what Jane saw.They knew that the relation between chimps and humans was the closest.However,they did not know they acted
7、 so much like us. Jane still has the toy chimp she was given as a child.She has studied her furry friends for 30 years .Now,she speaks for them to groups around the world.She hopes that what she has to say will make others do something to protect chimps from being hurt.1.When Jane was 7,she wanted_.
8、A.to read Dr. Doolittle againB.to talk to animals,tooC.to buy another toy chimpD.to meet a doctor at once2.Jane went to Gombe National Park to_.A.have a trip thereB.train a baby chimpC.learn more about chimpsD.protect the chimps there3.The scientists were surprised when they heard that_.A.the chimps
9、 could act so much like humansB.Jane had been in Africa for such a long timeC.Jane watched the chimps closely day after dayD.Jane still had the toy chimp she was given as a child4.Jane speaks for chimps to groups around the world to_.A.help the scientists learn more about chimpsB.study her furry fri
10、ends in some oyher countriesC.make more people do something to protect chimpsD.let people know that chimps are lovely animals5.From the passage,we can learn that_.A.Jane found more about chimps than the scientists didB.Jane dreamed of going to Africa when she was 26C.Jane could talk to chimps with t
11、he help of the scientistsD.Jane knew nothing about chimps before going to Africa解析：这篇文章介绍的主人公是Jane Goodball，在她一岁时，妈妈带她去动物园，并给她买了个毛绒黑猩猩，所以，她从小就喜欢上了黑猩猩。七岁时希望自己像书中的医生一样可以和猩猩对话，以便更多的了解它们，二十六岁时，她去了非洲的Gombe National Park，在那里她发现黑猩猩在行为、感情等方面和人非常相似，也知道了黑猩猩和人类的关系。她对黑猩猩研究了三十多年，她到世界各地去演讲，希望唤起人们保护黑猩猩的意识。本文所设置的题目
12、有可以直接从文中找到答案的客观题，14题都是对细节的考查；第五题属于考查推理的主观题。1.B 通过原文中的句子At age7, Jane Goodball read Dr. Doolittle,a book about a doctor who could talk to animals.She wanted to be able to talk to her favourite animals,too.可以直接选出答案B2.C 第一段的She expected to go to Africa some day so that she could learn more about chimps
13、.直接表明了此题的答案。3.A 原文第三段的第一句话Scientists were surprised by what Jane saw，而what Jane saw就是指黑猩猩的行为和人类很相似。4.C 从文章的最后两句可以直接找到答案5A根据第三段推理，可以直接得到答案。也可以排除B、C、D这三个与文章不符的选项，从而得到答案。【例2】： The clock struck eleven at night.The whole house was quiet .Everyone was in bed except me.Under the strong light,I looked sadly
14、 before me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff(东西)they call“books”.I was going to have my examination the next day.“When can I go to bed?”I asked myself.I didnt answer,in fact I dared not.The clock struck twelve.“Oh,dear!”I cried.“Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!”We pupils are the
15、 most wretched creatures in the world.Dad does not agree with me on this.He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy. The clock struck one.I was quite desperate(绝望的)now.I forgot all I had learned.I was too tired to go on.I did the only thing I could.I prayed,“Oh,God,please help me pass the exa
16、m tomorrow.I do promise to work hard afterwards.Amen”My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them.A few minutes later,with my head on the desk,I fell asleep.( )1.When the author was going over his lesson,all the others in the house were _.A.asleep B.outside C.working in bed D.quietly laughing at him( )2.The underline word wretched
