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1、工程硕士学位论文自适应路由调度的VOIP系统研究及实现Research on self-adaptive route scheduling for VoIP systems and ImplementationByDUAN ranB.E.(Hunan University)2001A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of theRequirements for the degree ofMaster of EngineeringinSoftware Projectin theGraduate SchoolofHunan UniversitySu
2、pervisorProfessorNov, 2006湖 南 大 学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权湖南大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有
3、关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。本学位论文属于1、保密，在_年解密后适用本授权书。2、不保密。（请在以上相应方框内打“”）作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日49自适应路由调度的VOIP系统研究与实现摘 要随着信息技术的飞速发展以及互联网时代的到来，基于数据分组交换的应用日趋盛行，VOIP电话作为一种新兴的网络业务得到日益广泛地应用。但是，由于目前IP网络状况及其所采用尽力而为的业务服务方式，使得在通话过程中普遍存在着较大的通话时延、时延抖动和一定的丢包率，从而使得VOIP电话的通话效果不能让人满意。为降低网络时延并提高通讯质量
4、，国内VOIP运营系统所采用的普遍做法是在运营系统与PSTN之间接驳多条冗余路由，然后依靠人为因素判断路由质量并进行路由调度以保证通话质量，但这种做法的缺点是响应速度慢、可靠性差、实现代价高。为此，研究VOIP路由调度策略和实现算法，实现自适应的最佳路由匹配是实现高质量VOIP电话的重要手段。本文在分析当前国内网络环境以及VOIP运营系统路由调度现状的基础上，研究实现路由自动调度的关键技术，通过在路由中嵌入负载均衡机制，运用探针定时轮询获取各路由延时、丢包率以及平均响应时间等路由参数指标，然后基于服务质量度量的自适应路由调度算法智能选取IP语音到PSTN网络之间的最佳路径，从而实现低时延、低丢
5、包率和较小时延抖动的高质量VOIP电话。本文最后依此思想实现了可自动路由调度的VOIP系统(来源于深圳宇科通讯技术有限公司项目)并给出了设计思路和关键模块的详细设计。同时，通过进行两组实验，对比分析了采用自适应路由调度和传统方式的平均丢包率、抖动率等技术指标上的差异。实验结果表明，采用自适应路由方式实现的VOIP系统可有效降低丢包率和通话时延，提高通话质量。关键词：路由调度；自适应；VOIP系统；路由匹配AbstractWith the quick development of Information Technology and the Internets arrival,applicati
6、ons based on exchanging the data in groups are prevailing gradually, as a newly-coming internet service,VoIP is being widely used now.But due to the bad internet condition and the best-effort mechanism, long-delay ,big delay jitter and big packet loss rate accompany with VoIP sessions.The quality of
7、 VoIP session still cant satisfy the users demand.In order to reduce delay in network and improve the quality of communication,the general solution employed in the VoIP systems at home is to create several redundant routes connecting between itself and PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network), then j
8、udge the quality of routes and select a route schedule by manual work.However, the disadvantages of it are slow-response, low-reliability and high-cost realization.Therefore, the key approach to realize the high-quality VoIP phone is to do research on route scheduling policy and its realization algo
9、rithms and to realize self-adaptive best route matching.On the basis of analyzing the domestic network condition and existing situation of route scheduling arithmetics in VoIP systems,the paper studies the key realization technologies of route scheduling.For short-delay, small packet loss rate and s
10、mall delay jitter in the high-quality VoIP phone, the solution is to embed load balance mechanisms into VoIP routing, periodically make use of probes to get the parameters of routes,such as route delay、packet loss rate and average response time,and then employ a self-adaptive route scheduling algori
11、thm which is on the ground of Qos to intelligently select the best route between VoIP systems and PSTN. In order to evaluate route scheduling，the paper uses some measures that are to classify affairs,estimate link and analyze “chess”.As a result , we can get a quantitive result of “chess”.After that
12、 , for a quantitive analysis of the route scheduling algorithm in the terms of economy ,we need to change the result into the “chess” power of link. In the end ,the paper makes the VoIP system where route auto-scheduling is realized come true according to the above idea(The VoIP system is rooted in
13、the project from the company of Shenzhen Unitech Communication).Besides,the design route and detailed design of key modules are presented.At the same time , an experiment has been done.In the experiment,I compare the new way with the traditional one by some criteria ,such as ,average packet loss rat
14、e and delay jitter rate. The experiment result shows that I gain my ends by the new method . Compared with the traditional ways of scheduling by handwork or half-handwork, the new one use the route discovery mechanism in mature PSTN for reference，and optimize performances of static route ，so it does
15、 better in response time and delay jitter。Keywords: route scheduling self-adaptive; VOIP systems route matching目 录摘 要IIAbstractIII插图索引VII附表索引VIII第1章绪 论11.1 课题背景11.1.1 VOIP发展历史21.1.2 IP电话路由的相关问题31.2 VOIP研究现状51.2.1 国内外研究现状51.2.2 国内外研究现状分析61.3 本文的主要研究工作71.4 论文的内容和结构安排7第2章 VOIP的相关技术92.1 VOIP的原理及关键技术92.2 信令协议102.2.1 H.323协议102.2.2 SIP协议112.2.3 MGCP协议112.3 语音编码技术122.3.1 三种协议比较122.4 媒体实时传输技术132.4.1 RTP协议132.4.2 RTCP协议132.5 IP Qos标准132.5.1 Inserv132.5.2 MPLS142.5.3 Diffserv142.6 小结14
