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1、非谓语动词讲练（学生讲义）（一）非谓语动词的句法功能：充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式(to)+ v动名词-ing现在分词-ing过去分词-ed什么叫状语：状语是句子的重要修饰成分。从情况，时间，处所，方式，条件，对象，肯定，否定，范围和程度等方面对对动词，形容词或整个句子进行修饰或限制。什么叫宾补：就是对宾语的动作或状态进行补充说明。（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto have done to be doing to have been doingto be doneto have b
2、een done在非谓语前加not或never特别注意： not having done;ones not doing / ones not having donefor sb. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb. / sbs doing作主语仅用sbs doing具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作
3、用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done（三）非谓语动词的考点：、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disapp
4、eared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性如：Seeing is believing. 第二 需要注意一些结构：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy (difficult, hard, import
5、ant, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) + for sb. to doIts kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do、非谓语动词作表语The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A
6、. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make注意两个问题: 一是并行结构问题 To see is to believe二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。 现在分词说明主语所具有的特征；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。、非谓语动词作定语
7、 Do you know the student seated/sitting at the back of the classroom?Have you read the news referring to house prices? 你读到有关房价的新闻了吗？the concerned parents 忧心的家长the parents concerned 相关的家长高考题点击: 1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. sm
8、elling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；B) 动名词
9、作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；I dont think he is the best man _(do)the job.He is always the first / the last one _ (leave) the office. D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完
10、成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作 、非谓语动词作宾语 1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to be taking2. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 3.
11、 Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意不定式和动名词都可以做及物动词或介词的宾语。下列动词只能用不定式做宾语，这个口诀可以帮助大家记忆： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法试图装，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expec
12、t, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。即：consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had
13、time B. having time C. to have timeD. to having time下列动词只能接动名词做宾语， 记住下面的口诀避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，允许想像冒险，介意不禁空想，建议考虑逃亡。仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit advocate(提倡) appreciate，avoid，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse， prevent，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，suggest，stand，forgive，keep，allow permit，forbid，
14、advise等。 此外还有 be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to(反对)，get down to, feel like 等动词或短语，也要用动词作宾语, 要特别注意to 的词性。 但如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。特别注意：带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop
