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1、构词法-派生词派生词多数是由词根（Base）加后缀（Suffixes）构成。构成名词的后缀常用的有下面这些：5后缀例词-erthinkerharvesterpain-killereye-opener-oractorsailor transistorsemi-conductor-istMarxistscientistdentistBuddhist-eeemployeetraineerefereetrustee-esshostessactresswaitresslioness-ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysician-eseChineseJapanesePort
2、uguesePekinese-antinhabitantcontestantlubricantdependant-ismsocialismracismheroismoptimism-nessillnesshappinessgreatnesscoldness-(a)tiondictationpreparationexceptionrepetition-mentmovementargumentjudgementgovernment-ionexpansiondiscussionrevisiondecision-ingbuildingfeelingpaintingwedding-shipleaders
3、hipfriendshipscholarshiphardship-hoodchildhoodfalsehoodlikelihoodmotherhood-ageshortagemarriageleakageshrinkage-urefailurepressurepleasureseizure-domfreedomkingdommartyrdomofficialdom-tyloyaltycrueltysafetypenalty-ityactivityrealityhumiditypossibility-ymodestydifficultydiscoveryinquiry-thtruthwarmth
4、healthlength-alrefusaldenialapprovalarrival-anceacceptanceallowanceassistancereliance-encedependenceconfidencedifferencereference-fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusful-ryjewelrybriberyslaveryrivalry-eerengineermountaineerauctioneerprofiteer-ettecigarettekichenetteusherettedinnerette-letbookletleafletpigl
5、etstarlet-atedoctorateconsulateelectoratesulphate构成形容词的后缀常用的有下面形式：后缀例词-fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithful-lesscarelesshomelessfearlessmotherless-ishchildishreddishSwedishselfish-iveactivecollectivedecisivedestructive-ouscourageousfamouscontinuouserroneous-ableacceptableagreeableapplicablecomfortable-
6、icrealisticpoetichistoricenergetic-antignorantsignificantdefiantobservant-lyfriendlyleisurelylivelydaily-alcriticalaccidentalcontinualexceptional-yrainyhandythirstydirty-entdifferentdependentconsistentobedient-aryimaginaryrevolutionaryhonorarysecondary-sometroublesomeburdensomelonesometiresome-likec
7、hildlikewomanlikewarlikemanlike-engoldenwoodenearthenwoolen-edlandedmoneyedculturedtalented-atefortunateaffectionatecollegiatepassionate-anEuropeanIndianAmericanCanadian注：有些形容词有-ic和-ial两种词尾，意思不尽相同，例如：a classic performance 难忘的演出 classical music 古典音乐a comic masterpiece 喜剧杰作 comical behavior 滑稽的举动an ec
8、onomic miracle 经济上的奇迹 economical arragement 节约的安排a historic building 有历史意义的建筑 historical research 史学研究an electric fan 电扇 electrical energy 电能此外，还有构成动词、副词和数词的后缀：后缀 例词 动词-izerealizenormalizemodernizemechanize-enwidenhastenstrengthenlengthen-ifybeautifysimplifyamplifydiversify-atehyphenateactivatemotiv
9、ateoriginate副词-lyreallyhappilysimplyterribly-wardonwardbackwardeastwardhomeward-wiselikewiseclockwiseotherwiselengthwise数词-teenfourteenfifteen-tyfortyfifty-thninthtwelfth前缀（prefiles) 一般不造成词类的转变，而只是引起意思上的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词：前缀 意思 例词 un-不unhappyuntrueuncomfortable做相反动作undressundounpackdis-不dislikedisho
10、nestdisagree做相反动作disowndisinfectdisconnectin-不informalinaccurateinconvenientim-不immoralimpoliteimpossibleir-不 irregularirresistibleirresponsibleil-不illegalillogicalillegitimatenon-不，非non-existentnon-conductornon-interferencede-向相反方向发展defrostdecentralizedemobilize另外还有一些表示其他意思的前缀：前缀 意思 例词 re-重新retellr
11、edesignrewritemis-错误地misspellmisinformmisunderstandco-共同co-existco-operateco-editorcounter-反counteractcounter-attackcounter-revolutionaryanti-反（对），防anti-tankanti-fascistanti-clockwisepro-亲pro-Frenchpro-Britishpro-Common Marketover-过于overdoover-esitimateoversimplifyunder-不够underfeedunder-estimateunde
12、rpayex-前ex-husbandex-presidentex-servicemanpre-预先，之前的prefabricatepre-liberationpre-schoolpost-在之后的post-warpost-electionpost-graduatefore-预先，前foretellforelegforefrontself-自动，自我self-starterself-serviceself-correctingmal-不良的maltreatmalfunctionmalnutritionsuper-超级，上层supermansupermarketsuperstructuresub-
13、下面的subwaysubdividesubconsciousinter-之间的，互相internationalinteractinter-continentaltele-远距离的telescopetelephonetelevisiontrans-跨越，移transatlantictransplanttrans-Siberianpseudo-伪，假pseudoclassicismpseudoscientificpseudointellectualarch-头号的，大的archbishoparch-enemyarchangelmicro-微型，缩微microfilmmicrobiologymicrocomputermini-特小的minibusminiskirtminicabhyper-
