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1、 初中英语词汇语法并列句一、并列句的构成:并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。二、并列句的分类:1. 表示同等关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球,并且踢得很好。 Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇,我们成了朋友。 2. 表示转折关系的
2、并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如: It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。 School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了,可是老师们仍然在工作。He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家,而我则想
3、当科学家。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大,然而我们必须出去。 3. 表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。or有两重含义: (1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如: Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如: You must tell the truth,or you will be punished你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。 4. 表示因果关系
4、的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如:He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如:
5、Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替二课。5. 其他形式的并列句(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:Use your head, and you will find away动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:Study hard, or you Will fall b
6、ehind the others努力学习,否则你就会落于别人。(3)“either.or”结构表示“不是就是”,“或者或者”,例如:Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) “not onlybut also”意思为“不仅而且”,例如:not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed
7、the school car.不仅学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。(5) “neithernor”结构,意为“既不也不”,“两者都不”,用法与either or,not only but also相同。三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况1. 并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:We fished all day; we didnt catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:My father works in a factory and my mother in
8、 a school.我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。四、并列句的典型例题并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一,主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词and,but,or,for,so等的掌握与运用情况,大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现,有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。例1 Work hard, _ you will
9、pass the during test.A. or B. but C. because D. and解析:“努力学习”,“你就会通过驾驶考试”,两者之间是并列关系,应用句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。答案:D例2 Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become worse and worse. A. and B. then C but D. or解析:根据句意,前后是转折关系,应用句式“祈使句+or+简单句”。答案:D例3 They bought Granny a present _ she liked it very much. A. and B.
10、so C. but 解析:本题前后两句表示并列关系。答案:A例4 They all went to the cinema I didnt. A. get B. or C. but D. so解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系。答案:C例5 Hello, Mr. Huang!Im sorry, I dont think I know you. A. and B. or C. but D. because解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系,but此处意为“可是”。答案:C 例6 The little boy is very young _ he can look after himself well.
11、 A. So B. but C. if D. or解析:本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。答案:B例7 Bill put his hands behind his back, _ nobody could see his hands. A. so B. and C. or D. but解析:从上下文可知nobody could see his hands的原因是Bill put his hands behind his back,所以应该用so来表示结果。答案:A例8 Neither you nor I _ from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B.
12、 are C. am D. be解析:“neithernor”结构意为“既不也不”,“两者都不”,连接主语时,谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。答案:C例9 We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. A. either;or B. not only;but also C neither;nor D. not;but解析:根据句子的逻辑意思,本题应该选B。“not onlybut also”意为“不仅而且”,用于连接两个并列的内容,做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。答案:B全 品中考网第 2 页 共 3 页