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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were created fo
2、r the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organizin
3、g cities, alongside efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level
4、 policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good fo
5、r the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦要求所有新获得牌照的出租车从2018年起必须具备零排放
6、能力。这导致五家汽车制造商承诺在最后期限前完成，这既符合它们自身的商业利益，也有利于环境。2. 翻译题Since the dawn of humanity, the sky and stars have stimulated our imagination and curiosity. (1)As our understanding about outer space increases.so does our passion and drive to explore beyond the reaches of our own planet and to utilize space to un
7、derstand our own planet. Just as communications satellites have emerged as an important part of our telecommunication networks, our daily lives are enhanced greatly by services such as weather forecasting, GPS, satellite imagery, and other applications. Just a half-century after the launch of the Sp
8、utnik, space infrastructure has become central to the way we live, work and play. The budget and revenue of space activities reached 257 billion dollars in 2008. (2)More and more countries are paying attention to space and joining in the space endeavor. It has been the hot topic for us all on how to
9、 develop space technology in an efficient and sustainable fashion and how to further the global cooperation on space development.It has been 50 splendid years since China embarked on the road to develop its space industry, starting in 1956. For half a century, China has worked independently in this
10、field. (3) China has made eye-catching achievements, and ranks among the worlds most advanced countries in some important fields of space technology. China is unflinching in taking the road of peaceful development, and always maintains that outer space is the common wealth of mankind. While supporti
11、ng all activities that utilize outer space for peaceful purposes, China actively explores and uses outer space and is trying to make new contributions to the development of mans space programs.Chinas space program attaches great importance to better serving the needs of social and economic developme
12、nt, through activities concerning space systems, space technology applications and space services. Chinas space enterprises are fulfilling their social responsibility and providing continuous technical support to such fields of the national economy as satellite communications, disaster monitoring, e
13、arthquake rescue and relief, meteorological and ocean monitoring, land survey, forestry and agriculture. Taking advantage of creativity and advanced technologies, Chinas space industry is developing IT products, new energy, new materials, environmental protection technologies and modern industrial e
14、quipment. (4)Using space technology. China upgrades conventional industries and realizes the effective integration of low resource and energy consumption, low-emission and high economy efficiency which is conductive to building a resource-saving, environment-friendly and harmonious-developing societ
15、y. China has long been active in international space cooperation. Chinese space technology has also benefited people of other countries through sharing and free distribution of satellite data and commercial cooperation.As everyone knows, high input and high risk are features of space programs. (5) F
16、acing the global economic recession, the space community is under more pressure than before. Enhancing exchange and cooperation might be the best way to a win-win situation. Global Space Development Summit offers a top-level forum for people from governments, research institutes, companies and relevant agencies to exchange their views at policy and academic levels, thus improving mutual understanding and creating a favorable atmosphere for international
